Body dissatisfaction in binge eating disorder: cognitive and affective mechanisms of maintenance

暴食症中的身体不满：认知和情感的维持机制

• 批准号: 232326593
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Jennifer Svaldi, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/232326593?language=en
• 关键词: Body; dissatisfaction; binge; eating; disorder

The undue influence of shape and weight on self-evaluation and the corresponding body dissatisfaction are a core feature of binge eating disorder (BED) (Wilfley, Schwartz, Spurrell, & Fairburn, 2000a) and a predictor of poor treatment outcome (Masheb & Grilo, 2008). According to schema-theoretical conceptions (Williamson, White, York-Crowe, & Stewart, 2004), body dissatisfaction represents the negative cognitive and affective connotation of the own body represented in the body schema. Such negative body-related self-schemas can be activated by salient stimuli, e.g., the confrontation with the self or the other body. They are further presumed to selectively influence memory, judgment and attentional processes with regard to body-related issues (Wilson, Fairburn, Agras, Walsh, & Kraemer, 2002). It is further assumed that at the behavioral level such distortions in information processing are presumed to be observable as body checking and avoidance of body-related information, which in turn are thought to contribute to the maintenance and aggravation of the negative body-related schemas. First empirical evidence for the model suggest that women with pronounced eating disorder symptoms are characterized by an increased attention allocation towards the self- compared to the other-body (Blechert, Ansorge, & Tuschen-Caffier, 2010) and by an increased attention allocation towards self-liked compared to self-disliked body parts (Jansen, Nederkoorn, & Mulkens, 2005). Own research confirms these results also for women with BED (Svaldi, Caffier, & Tuschen-Caffier, 2011a, 2011b). However, at this point it is still unclear whether (a) these mechanisms are modifiable, and (b) whether a modification of the described attentional patterns leads to an improvement of body satisfaction. To this end, the current project plans to assess attentional processes when looking at self and other body prior to and after an intervention consisting of repeated mirror exposures, which has previously been shown to be effective in the reduction of body dissatisfaction (Trentowska, Bender, & Tuschen-Caffier, accepted).

体型和体重对自我评价的过度影响以及相应的身体不满是暴食症（BED）的核心特征（Wilfley，Schwartz，Spurrell，& Fairburn，2000 a），也是治疗效果不佳的预测因素（Masheb & Grilo，2008）。根据图式理论（威廉姆森，白色，York-Crowe，& Stewart，2004）的观点，身体不满是身体图式中对自身身体的负面认知和情感内涵的表征。这种消极的身体相关自我图式可以被显著的刺激激活，例如，与自我或另一个身体的对抗。它们还被认为选择性地影响记忆，判断和注意力过程与身体相关的问题（威尔逊，费尔伯恩，阿格拉斯，沃尔什，&克雷默，2002）。它进一步假设，在行为水平上，这种扭曲的信息处理被认为是可观察到的身体检查和回避的身体相关的信息，这反过来又被认为有助于维护和恶化的负面身体相关的图式。该模型的第一个经验证据表明，具有明显饮食失调症状的女性的特征是与其他身体相比，对自我的注意力分配增加（Blechert，Ansorge，& Tuschen-Caffier，2010），并且与自我不喜欢的身体部位相比，对自我喜欢的身体部位的注意力分配增加（Jansen，Nederkoorn，& Mulkens，2005）。自己的研究证实了这些结果也适用于床（Svaldi，Caffier，& Tuschen-Caffier，2011 a，2011 b）。然而，在这一点上，仍然不清楚（a）这些机制是否是可修改的，以及（B）所描述的注意模式的修改是否会导致身体满意度的改善。为此，目前的项目计划评估注意力过程时，看着自己和其他身体之前和之后的干预，包括重复的镜子曝光，这以前已被证明是有效的，在减少身体的不满（Trentowska，本德，& Tuschen-Caffier，接受）。