SBIR Phase II: Fast Formation Cycling Methods and In-Situ Diagnostics for Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing

该项目更广泛的影响/商业潜力将在于推广清洁能源技术。美国一半以上？温室气体排放来自交通和电力生产。锂离子电池是一项很有前景的技术，可促进电动汽车和可再生能源发电的采用，从而大幅减少温室气体排放。然而，锂离子电池的高成本威胁着清洁技术的商业可行性。该二期项目将开发制造工艺技术，以降低锂离子电池制造中最昂贵步骤的资本和运营成本。低成本电池将推动电动汽车走向广泛的商业应用。公共交通公交车的电气化将改善城市空气质量，特别是对于公交车站附近的低收入人群。由低成本电池支持的大型电池系统将把太阳能和风能等可再生能源从周期性能源转变为按需能源，以减轻我们对化石燃料的依赖。这个二期项目将帮助锂离子电池成为成功摆脱石油依赖、应对气候变化、美国？能源安全。这个小型企业创新研究 (SBIR) 第 2 阶段项目满足了更深入地了解固体电解质中间相 (SEI) 层背后的基础科学的需求。 SEI 层质量是电池长期可靠性、性能和安全性的关键决定因素，但控制 SEI 成分和演变的基本电化学仍然知之甚少。该第二阶段项目将开发新颖的原位诊断技术，以直接测量锂离子电池制造过程中形成的 SEI 层的演变、性能和特性。更深入地了解 SEI 层的复杂形态将增进急需的电池性能、质量和寿命方面的行业知识。此外，在对电池整个生命周期的退化进行建模方面还有大量工作。随着电池级可追溯性的提高，第二阶段项目带来的制造见解将扩大目前对“理想电池”的理解。并补充正在进行的关于电池如何随着时间的推移而退化的研究。这一见解为电池制造中的质量控制打开了大门，该控制基于更直接的质量指标（例如寿命和可靠性），而不是间接指标（例如寿命开始容量）。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this project will be in promoting clean energy technologies. More than half of the United States? greenhouse gas emissions come from transportation and electricity production. Lithium-ion batteries are a promising technology to facilitate the adoption of electric vehicles and renewable power generation that drastically reduce greenhouse gas emission. However, the high cost of lithium-ion batteries threatens the commercial viability of clean technologies. This Phase II project will develop manufacturing process technologies that reduce the capital and operating costs of the most expensive step in lithium-ion battery manufacturing. Low-cost batteries will push electric vehicles towards widespread commercial adoption. Electrification of mass-transit buses will improve urban air quality, especially for the low-income population located near bus depots. Large-scale battery systems enabled by low-cost batteries will turn renewable power generation such as solar and wind from periodic energy sources into on-demand energy sources to alleviate our dependence on fossil-fuels. This Phase II project will help lithium-ion batteries become a key technology in the successful departure from oil dependence, combat of climate change, and the United States? energy security.This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase 2 project addresses the need for deeper understanding of the fundamental science behind the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. SEI layer quality is a key determinant of long-term battery reliability, performance, and safety, but the underlying electrochemistry that governs SEI composition and evolution remains poorly understood. This Phase II project will develop novel, in-situ diagnostics to directly measure the evolution, performance, and characteristics of the SEI layer as it is formed during lithium-ion battery manufacturing. Deeper insight into the complex morphology of the SEI layer will advance much-needed industry knowledge of battery performance, quality, and longevity. Additionally, there is a sizeable body of work in modeling the degradation of batteries throughout their lifecycle. With improved cell-level traceability, the manufacturing insights enabled by this Phase II project will expand the current understanding of the ?ideal battery? at the beginning of life and complement ongoing work on how batteries degrade over time. This insight opens the door for quality control in battery manufacturing based on more direct quality metrics such as longevity and reliability rather than indirect metrics such as beginning of life capacity.