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Flood Risk and Property Rights in Delta Megacities

三角洲特大城市的洪水风险和产权

基本信息

批准号：
1759596
负责人：
Gavin Shatkin
金额：
$ 19.74万
依托单位：
Northeastern University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-04-01 至 2022-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1759596&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Flood Risk Property Rights Delta

项目摘要

This research project will analyze the impact that growing awareness of future flood risk has on laws, policies, and norms concerning property rights in large metropolitan areas located in major river deltas. The investigator will examine social, political, and legal facets of a city that is undertaking massive and disruptive planning and infrastructural interventions in response to projections of significant increases in flooding. This project will contribute to basic understanding of the political and legal debates that emerge in flood-prone cities between those who argue that property rights need to be constrained to implement infrastructure improvements and enforce land-use regulations and those who advocate strengthening property rights to empower community-based efforts at flood mitigation. The project will inform debates about laws and policies concerning the terms of eviction and resettlement for flood mitigation initiatives. The project will also contribute to theoretical debates about the ways that hazard risk impacts dynamics of urban politics. The findings will provide new insights for flood-threatened cities in the United States, such as New Orleans, Boston, and New York, in addition to cities on other continents, such as Jakarta, Indonesia; Bangkok, Thailand; Manila, Philippines; Lagos, Nigeria; and Alexandria, Egypt. The project also will help build infrastructure for research on policy issues related to flooding and risk management in the United States and elsewhere.While substantial research attention has focused on infrastructural and governance questions related to floods, there has been relatively little attention given to the social, political, and legal implications of flooding. With increases in the number and magnitude of major urban floods in recent decades and further increases projected for the coming decades, however, many delta cities are undertaking policy and planning initiatives and political reforms that raise fundamental questions about the distribution of hazard resilience and the costs of mitigation efforts. Questions of property rights constitute a key element in debates over flood mitigation, because the interactions among land, water, and human systems that are under question in these debates are related intrinsically to the question of who has what rights to use land. This project will focus on key questions that are central to these issues: How have state actors sought to redefine property rights in light of flood risk? What strategies have non-state actors pursued to contest eviction and assert their own claims? What legal and institutional changes have resulted? What are the implications of these dynamic interactions for urban politics? In his investigation of a case study of one major metropolis astride a large delta, the investigator will review documents, policy reports, and media accounts, and he will conduct interviews with key actors in order to analyze court cases concerning the property rights of low-income communities that face eviction under government initiatives to "normalize" rivers to improve drainage. He will employ a geographic information system to evaluate the spatial dynamics of eviction accompanying efforts to increase green space. He also will analyze government reports and plans, academic studies, media accounts, and information garnered through interviews with key stakeholders to assess shifting perspectives on property rights resulting from a major government flood mitigation initiative.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本研究项目将分析对未来洪水风险的日益认识对位于主要河流三角洲的大都市地区有关财产权的法律，政策和规范的影响。调查员将研究一个城市的社会，政治和法律的方面，该城市正在进行大规模和破坏性的规划和基础设施干预，以应对洪水显著增加的预测。该项目将有助于对易发洪水城市中出现的政治和法律的辩论的基本理解，这些辩论是在主张需要限制财产权以实施基础设施改善和执行土地使用条例的人与主张加强财产权以增强社区减轻洪水影响的努力的人之间进行的。该项目将为有关为减轻洪水影响而搬迁和重新安置的法律和政策的辩论提供信息。该项目还将有助于对灾害风险影响城市政治动态的方式进行理论辩论。这些发现将为美国新奥尔良、波士顿和纽约等受洪水威胁的城市以及印度尼西亚雅加达、泰国曼谷、菲律宾马尼拉、尼日利亚拉各斯和埃及亚历山大等其他大洲的城市提供新的见解。该项目还将帮助建立基础设施，研究政策问题有关的洪水和风险管理在美国和其他地方。虽然大量的研究重点集中在基础设施和治理问题有关的洪水，有相对较少的关注，社会，政治和法律的影响洪水。然而，随着近几十年来城市重大洪水的数量和规模增加，以及预计未来几十年将进一步增加，许多三角洲城市正在采取政策和规划举措以及政治改革，这些举措和改革提出了关于抗灾能力分布和减灾努力成本的根本问题。财产权问题是关于减轻洪水的辩论中的一个关键因素，因为在这些辩论中所讨论的土地、水和人类系统之间的相互作用本质上与谁有什么权利使用土地的问题有关。本项目将重点关注这些问题的核心问题：国家行为者如何根据洪水风险重新定义财产权？非国家行为者采取了哪些策略来反对驱逐并维护自己的主张？产生了哪些法律的和体制的变化？这些动态互动对城市政治有何影响？在他对横跨三角洲的一个主要大都会的案例研究的调查中，调查员将审查文件、政策报告和媒体报道，他将与关键行动者进行访谈，以分析有关低收入社区财产权的法庭案件，这些社区在政府“正常化”河流以改善排水系统的倡议下面临驱逐。他将采用地理信息系统来评估驱逐的空间动态，同时努力增加绿色空间。他还将分析政府报告和计划、学术研究、媒体报道，以及通过与主要利益相关者的访谈获得的信息，以评估政府重大防洪举措导致的财产权观点的转变。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。