RAPID: The Role of Emergent Organizations in Hurricane Harvey Response

RAPID:新兴组织在飓风哈维应对中的作用

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1760739
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 20万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2018-01-15 至 2020-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Disaster response has always included both formal organizations, such as the Red Cross, National Guard, and municipal police, fire, and emergency medicine teams, and informal groups, such as neighbors, families, and community or social clubs. In the case of Hurricane Harvey, however,new social media platforms allowed an unprecedented level of coordination among ad hoc or informal disaster responders exemplified by #RedNeckNavy and @CajunNavyRelief that blurred the lines between paid and volunteer responders. These emergent response organizations are typically characterized by fluid memberships, dispersed leadership, and unstable task definitions. While these decentralized attributes may be at odds with official responders, their grassroots, flexible, and locally-informed expertise represents an important source of community resilience. The increasing importance of social media in emergency response organizations presents a serious challenge to existing approaches to planning for and understanding resilience, because these organizations are not created through formal procedures, official assignment of membership, or legal entitlement. Rather, they are constituted through communication among individuals with shared goals. This research fills a critical national need related to disaster response by applying the military doctrine of "command and control" to examine the allocation of decision rights, patterns of communication, and access to information in the use of social media to organize the volunteer response to Hurricane Harvey. The research has the potential to improve the effectiveness of emergency response, thereby saving lives and hastening recovery from disasters. The goal of this project is to understand the role of emergent response organizations in mitigating disaster risks during the Hurricane Harvey relief effort. To achieve this goal, the research team explores the development and subsequent role of emergent, volunteer response organizations like #RedNeckNavy in the disaster relief effort. Such organizations were constituted by communication on social media platforms such as Twitter and Zello. The team uses a mixed-methods approach to understand how these organizations used social media platforms to establish three organizational dynamics that translated into successful disaster relief action on the ground: distribution of information, patterns of interaction, and allocation of decision rights. Such organizational dynamics did not exist a priori in regard to the hurricane. Each process was created and substantiated through members' communication practices. The research includes social media scraping, linguistic analysis, and data visualization tools to identify the most influential members of the online community and the ways in which the three dynamics listed above came into being and changed during the relief effort. Because the scholars also seek to understand how organizational members made meaning of events, the researchers combine quantitative data analytics with qualitative interviews, participant observation, and focus groups of the influential emergent organization members. The meaning making constructs and orientations present among emergent response organizations contributes to understanding how and why some organizations make meaning of threats and crises as debilitating, where others are capable of overcoming threats in favor of response and recovery. Given the leadership role of military organizations like the US Coast Guard, National Guard, and US Army Corps in response to natural catastrophes and the pervasive military metaphors which inform the culture of these organizations, the researchers adapt the military doctrine known as "Command and Control" to describe the levels of organizational maturity extant in social media-enabled emergent response organizations and to characterize their internal and external communicative practices, particularly as compared to those of the more formal, federal and municipal organizations present, such as FEMA and the Red Cross. The results of this research will contribute to improved response technologies and better integration of community-based, ad hoc, and emergent organizations with formal response efforts.
灾难响应总是既包括正式组织,如红十字会、国民警卫队和市政警察、消防和紧急医疗队,也包括非正式组织,如邻居、家庭和社区或社交俱乐部。然而,在哈维飓风的案例中,新的社交媒体平台使临时或非正式灾难应急者之间的协调达到了前所未有的水平,#RedNeckSea和@CajuNavy救济就是一个例子,模糊了付费应急者和志愿者应急者之间的界限。这些应急响应组织的典型特征是成员流动、领导分散和任务定义不稳定。虽然这些分散的属性可能与官方应急人员不一致,但他们草根、灵活和了解当地情况的专业知识是社区复原力的重要来源。社交媒体在应急组织中的重要性与日俱增,这对规划和理解复原力的现有方法提出了严重挑战,因为这些组织不是通过正式程序、正式成员分配或法律权利创建的。相反,它们是通过具有共同目标的个人之间的沟通而构成的。这项研究通过应用“指挥与控制”的军事原则来研究决策权的分配、沟通模式以及利用社交媒体组织应对飓风哈维的志愿者行动中的信息获取,从而满足了与灾难应对相关的关键国家需求。这项研究有可能提高应急反应的有效性,从而拯救生命,加快灾后恢复。该项目的目标是了解紧急响应组织在飓风哈维救援工作期间减轻灾害风险方面的作用。为了实现这一目标,研究小组探索了像#RedNeckNaval这样的紧急志愿者响应组织在救灾工作中的发展和随后的作用。这些组织是由Twitter和Zello等社交媒体平台上的交流组成的。该小组使用混合方法来了解这些组织如何利用社交媒体平台建立三个组织动态,这些动态转化为成功的实地救灾行动:信息分发、互动模式和决策权分配。在飓风方面,这样的组织动态是不存在的。每个过程都是通过成员的沟通实践创建和充实的。这项研究包括社交媒体收集、语言分析和数据可视化工具,以确定在线社区中最有影响力的成员,以及上面列出的三种动态在救援工作中形成和变化的方式。由于学者们也试图了解组织成员如何理解事件的意义,研究人员将定量数据分析与定性访谈、参与者观察和有影响力的新兴组织成员的焦点小组相结合。在应急响应组织中提出的意义构建和定向有助于理解一些组织如何以及为什么将威胁和危机的意义视为削弱,而其他组织能够克服威胁,有利于响应和恢复。鉴于美国海岸警卫队、国民警卫队和美国陆军等军事组织在应对自然灾害方面的领导作用,以及普遍存在的军事隐喻,这些组织的文化被称为“指挥与控制”,研究人员采用军事理论来描述社交媒体支持的紧急响应组织中现存的组织成熟度水平,并描述其内部和外部沟通实践,特别是与现有的更正式的联邦和市政组织,如联邦应急管理局和红十字会相比。这项研究的结果将有助于改进响应技术,并更好地将基于社区的、临时的和紧急的组织与正式的响应努力相结合。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(3)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Being Prepared to be Unprepared: Meaning Making is Critical for the Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems
做好准备,做好准备:意义创造对于关键基础设施系统的弹性至关重要
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2020
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    JE Thomas, TP Seager
  • 通讯作者:
    JE Thomas, TP Seager
Rethinking Resilience Analytics
重新思考弹性分析
  • DOI:
    10.1111/risa.13328
  • 发表时间:
    2019
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.8
  • 作者:
    Eisenberg, Daniel;Seager, Thomas;Alderson, David L.
  • 通讯作者:
    Alderson, David L.
{{ item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
  • DOI:
    {{ item.doi }}
  • 发表时间:
    {{ item.publish_year }}
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    {{ item.factor }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.authors }}
  • 通讯作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ monograph.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ sciAawards.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ conferencePapers.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ patent.updateTime }}

Thomas Seager其他文献

Thematic exploration of sectoral and cross-cutting challenges to circular economy implementation
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10098-020-02016-5
  • 发表时间:
    2021-01-26
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.900
  • 作者:
    Shweta Singh;Callie Babbitt;Gabrielle Gaustad;Matthew J. Eckelman;Jeremy Gregory;Erinn Ryen;Nehika Mathur;Miriam C. Stevens;Abhijeet Parvatker;Raj Buch;Alicia Marseille;Thomas Seager
  • 通讯作者:
    Thomas Seager

Thomas Seager的其他文献

{{ item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
  • DOI:
    {{ item.doi }}
  • 发表时间:
    {{ item.publish_year }}
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    {{ item.factor }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.authors }}
  • 通讯作者:
    {{ item.author }}

{{ truncateString('Thomas Seager', 18)}}的其他基金

Conference Proposal: Student and Junior Faculty Travel Support for International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST) 2016
会议提案:2016 年可持续系统与技术国际研讨会 (ISSST) 的学生和初级教师旅行支持
  • 批准号:
    1632975
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Foundations of Social and Ethical Responsibility Among Undergraduate Engineering Students: Comparing Across Time, Institutions, and Interventions
合作研究:工程本科生社会和道德责任的基础:跨时间、机构和干预措施的比较
  • 批准号:
    1449490
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research:RIPS Type 2: Resilience Simulation for Water, Power & Road Networks
合作研究:RIPS 类型 2:水、电力的弹性模拟
  • 批准号:
    1441352
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
TUES: Collaborative Research: Training the Next Generation Faculty and Students to Address the Infrastructure Crisis
周二:合作研究:培训下一代教师和学生以解决基础设施危机
  • 批准号:
    1323401
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
NUE: Cross-disciplinary Education in Social & Ethical Aspects of Nanotechnology
NUE:社会跨学科教育
  • 批准号:
    1343772
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
RCN-SEES: Sustainable Energy Systems
RCN-SEES:可持续能源系统
  • 批准号:
    1140190
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
An Experiential Pedagogy for Sustainability Ethics
可持续道德的体验式教学法
  • 批准号:
    1134943
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
An Experiential Pedagogy for Sustainability Ethics
可持续道德的体验式教学法
  • 批准号:
    0932490
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Workshop on Land Use and Geospatial Aspects of LCA
土地利用和生命周期评估地理空间方面研讨会
  • 批准号:
    0854035
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

相似海外基金

Investigating the Role of Emergent Oscillations of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 alpha Activity in Cancer Growth and Progression
研究缺氧诱导因子 1 α 活性的紧急振荡在癌症生长和进展中的作用
  • 批准号:
    10630068
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
Investigating the Role of Emergent Oscillations of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 alpha Activity in Cancer Growth and Progression
研究缺氧诱导因子 1 α 活性的紧急振荡在癌症生长和进展中的作用
  • 批准号:
    10396535
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
RAPID: Collaborative Research: Role of Extending, Expanding, and Emergent Groups in Relief Distribution Efforts in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria
RAPID:协作研究:哈维、艾尔玛和玛丽亚飓风后扩展、扩展和新兴团体在救济分配工作中的作用
  • 批准号:
    1810476
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
RAPID: Collaborative Research: Role of Extending, Expanding, and Emergent Groups in Relief Distribution Efforts in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria
RAPID:协作研究:哈维、艾尔玛和玛丽亚飓风后扩展、扩展和新兴团体在救济分配工作中的作用
  • 批准号:
    1807416
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
RAPID: Collaborative Research: Role of Extending, Expanding, and Emergent Groups in Relief Distribution Efforts in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria
RAPID:协作研究:哈维、艾尔玛和玛丽亚飓风后扩展、扩展和新兴团体在救济分配工作中的作用
  • 批准号:
    1809907
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
RAPID: Collaborative Research: Role of Extending, Expanding, and Emergent Groups in Relief Distribution Efforts in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria
RAPID:协作研究:哈维、艾尔玛和玛丽亚飓风后扩展、扩展和新兴团体在救济分配工作中的作用
  • 批准号:
    1810576
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
A Study on the Role of Mediators in Emergent Collaboration for Vitalization of Traditional Industrial Areas
传统工业区振兴应急协作中调解者的作用研究
  • 批准号:
    15K17129
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
Bacterial Swarming: Role of Flagella in Emergent Behavior
细菌群聚:鞭毛在突发行为中的作用
  • 批准号:
    254487871
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Priority Programmes
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Role of Foddering in Emergent Animal Husbandry Practices
博士论文改进补助金:饲料在新兴畜牧业实践中的作用
  • 批准号:
    0630735
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
ROLE: Story Listening Technologies for Emergent Writing Literacy
角色:用于紧急写作素养的故事聆听技术
  • 批准号:
    0403037
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
{{ showInfoDetail.title }}

作者:{{ showInfoDetail.author }}

知道了