CHS: Medium: Drawing from Theories of Justice to Respond to Online Harassment

该奖项研究了如何将正义的理论和模型设计到人们和技术的在线系统中，以更有效和富有成效地应对在线骚扰。它制定了应对网络骚扰的方法，以促进对过程和结果公平性的认识，并减少犯罪者和社区未来骚扰的可能性。本研究将提供网路使用者因应网路冒犯的理论资讯策略。它还将为科技公司和政策制定者提供促进网络文明和包容性的指导方针。它将通过网络资源将研究成果转化为互联网用户的公众资源，并将制作一个教育资源工具箱，使学生了解有关在线骚扰的理论、方法和开放问题——这是一个广泛存在的与社会相关的计算问题，现有系统尚未解决。目前，诸如关键字检测之类的自动化方法受到错误的困扰，这些错误会产生适得其反的结果，而诸如举报之类的社会实践则需要受害者的全力劳动。这两种方法都依赖于一种刑事司法模式，即寻求识别和惩罚罪犯的罪行；然而，这种模式在网络环境中崩溃了，因为骚扰者可以隐藏在匿名身份和落后的法律制度背后。这项工作将首先1)审核现有网站应对网络骚扰的政策和做法，并将其与司法理论联系起来；2)调查互联网用户如何根据网站、冒犯者、帖子和社区的特征来评估和回应骚扰。然后，它将提出和评估干预措施：3)促进对过程和结果的公平性的看法；4)减少未来骚扰的可能性。最后，它将提供一个面向公众的互动工具，训练互联网用户识别和改进自己在网上的报复倾向；6)通过一系列关于网络骚扰的案例研究，为高中生和大学生提供学习计算机领域理论、方法和机会的教育内容。这项研究采用了一种新颖的、具有潜在变革性的观点，将公平、透明、相称性和赔偿等基本正义原则运用到在线互动中。这可能比现有模型更有效，因为它不依赖于为任何给定用户制定结果的能力。该项目解决了许多概念和技术上的挑战，包括如何制定公平的程序和相应的结果来应对网络骚扰。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award investigates how theories and models of justice can be designed into online systems for people and technology to more effectively and productively respond to online harassment. It develops approaches to respond to online harassment in ways that promote perceptions of fairness of process and outcome and reduce likelihood of future harassment by both the offender and the community. This research will provide Internet users with theoretically-informed strategies for responding to online offenses. It will also provide technology companies and policymakers with guidelines for promoting civility and inclusivity online. It will translate research results to the public through a web-based resource for Internet users and will produce a toolbox of educational resources that exposes students to the theories, methods, and open questions surrounding online harassment - a widespread and socially relevant problem in computing that has not been solved by existing systems. Currently, automated approaches such as keyword detection are plagued by errors that have counter-productive results, while social practices such as reporting demand exhaustive labor from victims. Both approaches rely on a model of criminal justice that seeks to identify and punish offenders for their offenses; however, this model breaks down in online environments where harassers can hide behind anonymous identities and lagging legal systems.The work will first 1) audit existing site policies and practices for responding to online harassment and map those to theories of justice; and 2) investigate how Internet users assess and respond to harassment based on characteristics of the site, offender, post, and community. Then, it will propose and evaluate interventions that 3) promote perceptions of fairness in process and outcome in response to harassment; and 4) reduce likelihood of future harassment. Finally, it will provide a public-facing interactive tool that 5) trains Internet users to identify and improve their own orientations toward retribution online; and 6) provides educational content for high school and college students to learn theories, methods, and opportunities in the field of computing through a robust set of case studies in online harassment. This research employs a novel and potentially transformative vision for leveraging fundamental principles of justice, including fairness, transparency, proportionality, and reparation, into online interactions. This may be more effective than existing models because it is not as dependent on the ability to enact consequences for any given user. This project addresses numerous conceptual and technical challenges, including how to enact fair processes and proportionate outcomes in responses to online harassment.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.