Thermally Activated Transport in Icy Environments

木星的卫星木卫二和土星的卫星土卫二都有深而咸的海洋。这些海洋将水输送到卫星冰冷的表面。首席研究员将使用一种新的实验室方法，准确地代表被测试的运输方法，研究咸水通过表面和表面以上的机制。然后，他将模拟在木卫二和土卫二等卫星上重要的传输现象和基本过程。这个项目符合国家利益，因为它增加了我们对这些过程如何在太阳系冰冻的外部发生的科学知识，并有助于塑造美国航天器的设计和操作，现在计划探测这些卫星的表面和地下区域。PI的研究小组将与32街学校合作开发科学课程。热喷口是用脉冲激光加热加入NaCl的金纳米颗粒形成的。结合激光加热和纳米压印光刻技术，可以在单个脉冲下同时记录数十亿个单独的纳米实验结果。实验确定了薄膜底部的盐在受到来自下面的热冲击时被溶解并被带到固体水薄膜表面的程度。这种建模方法将扩展到像木卫二和土卫二这样的卫星上含盐液体的运输。PI研究小组的成员将与南加州大学附近32街学校的化学和荣誉化学老师一起在他们的中学科学项目中工作。他们将开发符合新采用的高中新一代科学课程标准的实验和课程，并为学生提供动手实验。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Jovian moon Europa and Saturnian moon Enceladus both have deep, salty oceans. These oceans move water to and through the icy surfaces of the satellites. The Principal Investigator will study the mechanism moving the salty water through and above the surfaces using a new laboratory method that accurately represents the transportation methods being tested. He will then model the transport phenomena and fundamental processes that are important on moons such as Europa and Enceladus. This project serves the national interest as it increases our scientific knowledge about how these processes occur in the frozen outer parts of the Solar System, and helps to shape the design and operation of U.S. spacecraft now planned to probe the surface and subsurface regions these moons. The PI's research group will work with the 32nd Street School to develop science lessons.Thermal vents are created using pulsed laser heating of Au nanoparticles dosed with NaCl. Combining laser heating and nanoimprint lithography enables results from many billions of separate nanoexperiments to be recorded simultaneously following a single pulse. The experiments establish the extent to which salt at the bottom of the film is dissolved and carried to surfaces of solid water films when it is subjected to a burst of heat from below. This modeled methodology will be extended to the transport of salty fluids on moons such as Europa and Enceladus. Members of the PI's research group will work with the teacher of Chemistry and Honors Chemistry at 32nd Street School near USC in their Secondary Science Program. They will develop experiments and lessons that meet the newly-adopted Next Generation Science Curricular Standards for high schools and bring hands-on experiments to students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.