NNA: NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: The Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state, and Precipitation at Summit, Aerosol-Cloud Experiment (ICECAPS-ACE)

格陵兰冰盖是北极地区一个独特的位置。它从海平面上升到海拔超过10,000英尺，是迄今为止北极圈以北最大的地形特征。科学家们已经确定，冰盖对气候波动很敏感。尽管它的独特性和重要性，但与地球上的其他地方相比，它的研究相对较少。自2010年以来，“峰顶能量、云、大气状态和降水综合特征”（ICECAPS）项目一直在测量格陵兰岛地表和大气的特性。这项长期的野外活动使研究人员能够更好地了解大气是如何影响冰盖的。特别是，该项目帮助确定了格陵兰上空的云和降水在调节冰盖的质量和能量收支方面所起的作用。这些过程对于正确量化格陵兰冰盖产生了多少融水，以及这对全球海平面上升的影响是至关重要的。作为这个新项目的一部分，仪器套件将通过与英国自然环境研究委员会的研究人员合作，扩大到包括气溶胶云实验（ACE）。ICECAPS-ACE将继续对大气进行常规观测，但包括两个新的主要目标。首先，ICECAPS-ACE将更好地了解格陵兰冰盖上气溶胶与云的相互作用。峰顶站是研究这种相互作用的一个独特地点，因为没有重要的本地云活性气溶胶来源。气溶胶是大气中的微小颗粒，在云的形成中起着重要作用。了解气溶胶和云之间的相互作用对于提供格陵兰岛更准确的天气和气候模式很重要。其次，ICECAPS-ACE将提供一套全面的观测资料，作为极地预测年（YOPP）的一部分，可用于评估数值模式。它还将与北极气候研究多学科漂流观测站（MOSAiC）项目的实地活动重叠，该项目为北极系统的业务建模界提供了前所未有的关注。ICECAPS实地活动的继续将创建一个有价值的10年数据集，记录格陵兰岛这个独特位置每年的变化。格陵兰冰盖（GrIS）对人类社会至关重要，因为它在全球海平面上升中起着重要作用，而且它正在加速融化。更好地了解气溶胶和云之间的相互作用具有直接的社会价值，因为它们对GrIS的质量和能量预算产生最终影响。自2010年以来，ICECAPS对GrIS上的云特性、辐射和地表能以及降水过程的理解显著提高，同时还支持基于过程的模式评估、新测量技术的开发、多卫星测量和飞机任务的地面比较以及天气预报模式的业务无线电探空数据。新的ICECAPS-ACE将深入了解平流气溶胶源在云和降水过程中的作用。气溶胶测量的增加将使人们第一次能够研究气溶胶如何影响GrIS中心的表面能量和质量预算。由于GrIS对北极的重要性，ICECAPS项目已被批准为YOPP活动，并将存档高分辨率数据用于基于物理过程的模型评估和验证，这些模型将侧重于地表能量收支、降水和云-气溶胶相互作用。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Greenland Ice Sheet is a unique location in the Arctic. It rises from sea level to over 10,000 feet in elevation and is, by far, the largest topographic feature north of the Arctic Circle. Scientists have determined that the ice sheet is sensitive to climatic fluctuations. In spite of its uniqueness and importance, it is relatively under-studied compared to other locations on Earth. The Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state, and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS) project has been measuring properties of the surface and atmosphere over Greenland since 2010. This long-term field campaign has allowed researchers to better understand how the atmosphere affects the ice sheet. In particular, the project has helped to determine the role that clouds and precipitation over Greenland play in modulating the mass and energy budgets of the ice sheet. These processes are essential for properly quantifying how much melt water is produced by the Greenland Ice Sheet, and how this contributes to global sea-level rise. As part of this new project, the instrument suite will be expanded to include an Aerosol-Cloud Experiment (ACE) through a partnership with researchers at the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council. ICECAPS-ACE will continue to make routine observations of the atmosphere, but includes two new major goals. First, ICECAPS-ACE will provide a better understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions over the Greenland Ice Sheet. Summit Station is a unique location to study such interactions because there are no significant local sources of cloud-active aerosols. Aerosols are tiny particles in the atmosphere that play a significant role in cloud formation. Knowledge of the interaction between aerosols and clouds is important for providing more accurate models of weather and climate over Greenland. Secondly, ICECAPS-ACE will provide a comprehensive suite of observations as part of the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) that can be used for the assessment of numerical models. It will also overlap with field activities of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) project, which offers an unprecedented focus by the operational modeling community on the Arctic system. The continuation of the ICECAPS field campaign will create a valuable 10-year dataset that documents changes from year-to-year from this unique location in Greenland.The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is of critical importance to human society because of its role in global sea-level rise, and it is melting at an accelerating rate. Providing a better understanding of the interactions between aerosols and clouds is of direct societal value because of their ultimate impact on the GrIS mass and energy budgets. Since 2010 ICECAPS has significantly advanced understanding of cloud properties, radiation and surface energy, and precipitation processes over the GrIS, while also supporting process-based model evaluation, development of new measurement techniques, ground comparisons for multiple satellite measurements and aircraft missions, and operational radiosonde data for weather forecast models. The new ICECAPS-ACE will provide insight into the role that advective aerosol sources play in cloud and precipitation processes. The addition of the aerosol measurements will allow, for the first time, an investigation of how aerosols impact the surface energy and mass budgets of the central GrIS. Because of the importance of the GrIS to the Arctic, the ICECAPS project has been endorsed as a YOPP activity and will archive high-resolution data to be used for physical process-based model evaluation and verification that will focus on the surface energy budget, precipitation, and cloud-aerosol interactions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.