Collaborative Research: An Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric State, and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS)

该奖项由2009年《美国复苏和再投资法案》(公法111-5)资助。该奖项支持一项实地活动，该活动将通过在格陵兰冰盖顶部的格陵兰顶峰增加云、大气和降水测量以及相关的高阶数据产品来扩大北极观测网络(AON)。拟议的仪器套件包括一台云雷达、两台微波辐射计、一台大气辐射干涉仪、一台X波段降水传感器、一台Ceileter、一台微脉冲激光雷达和一个每日两次的无线电探空仪程序。这套先进仪器的测量结果，与峰会上正在进行的一些测量结果相结合，将作为若干算法的输入，以产生对气候有用的地球物理数据产品，以支持专门针对地理信息系统的研究和整个北极的研究。数据产品将包括：(1)大气状态--通过对流层和低平流层的温度和湿度廓线；(2)云的宏观物理--云的出现、垂直边界和温度；(3)云的微观物理--云相、水分、光学厚度和颗粒大小；(4)降水--降水的类型和速率；(5)云的辐射强迫--云对地面辐射平衡的影响。这些产品加在一起，将扩大北极其他地方产生的类似数据集。预计这些数据集将被更广泛的科学界广泛使用，以了解格陵兰冰盖和更广泛的北极盆地的气候，并验证卫星遥感和格陵兰上空的模型模拟。这个奖项的“更广泛的影响”是不计其数的。拟议的观测结果将有助于实现北极环境变化研究(SEARCH)的目标。它们将是格陵兰冰盖上的第一个此类测量，并将扩大现有的、尽管规模不大的北极地区的此类测量网络。极地云特性的不确定性是目前极地气候模式的一个主要缺陷；对云的宏观和微观物理的拟议观测将为改进模式云算法提供一些必要的约束。该项目将为威斯康星大学、科罗拉多大学和爱达荷大学的研究生提供重要的实地工作和数据处理经验。此外，来自实地项目的数据和经验将被整合到爱达荷大学的本科生课程和威斯康星大学的夏季研讨会中。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This award supports a field campaign that will expand the Arctic Observing Network (AON) by adding cloud, atmosphere, and precipitation measurements, and associated higher-order data products, to Summit, Greenland, at the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The proposed instrument suite consists of a cloud radar, two microwave radiometers, an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer, an X-band precipitation sensor, a ceilometer, a micropulse lidar, and a twice-daily radiosonde program. Measurements from this advanced suite of instruments, combined with some ongoing measurements at Summit, will be input for a number of algorithms to produce climatically useful geophysical data products to support GIS-specific and Arctic-wide research. Data products will include: (1) Atmospheric State - temperature and moisture profiles through the troposphere and lower stratosphere; (2) Cloud Macrophysics - cloud occurrence, vertical boundaries, and temperatures; (3) Cloud Microphysics - cloud phase, water content, optical depth, and particle size; (4) Precipitation - precipitation type and rate; and (5) Cloud Radiative Forcing - impact of clouds on the surface radiation balance. Together these products will augment similar data sets that are produced at other locations across the Arctic. It is anticipated and intended that these data sets will be widely used by the broader scientific community to understand the climates of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the broader Arctic Basin and to validate satellite retrievals and model simulations over Greenland. The "Broader Impacts" of this award are numerous. The proposed observations will contribute to the goals of the Study of Arctic Environmental Change (SEARCH). They will be the first of their kind on the Greenland Ice Sheet and will expand the existing, although modest, network of such measurements across the Arctic. Uncertainty in polar cloud properties is a major deficiency in current models of polar climate; the proposed observations of cloud macro- and micro-physics will provide some of the necessary constraints for improving model cloud algorithms. This project will provide important field work and data processing experience for graduate students at the University of Wisconsin, University of Colorado and University of Idaho. In addition, data and experiences from the field program will be integrated into undergraduate coursework at the University of Idaho and summer workshops at the University of Wisconsin.