Collaborative Research: IPY: Cloud Properties Across the Arctic Basin from Surface and Satellite Measurements - An Existing Arctic Observing Network

这项研究将增加对北极云的时间和空间变异性的基本理解。对北极云特性的了解对于了解北极的整体能量平衡以及北极气候如何与全球气候系统相互作用非常重要。已经有许多短期实地实验来研究特定地点的北极云，但缺乏关于整个北极云特性的时间和空间变异性的知识。最长的数据记录存在于阿拉斯加ARM的北坡，但这只是一个地点。现在从其他地面站点获得了新的数据，这些数据补充了阿拉斯加的测量结果，并扩大了我们对北极云的理解。该小组将把这些在不同地点的地面测量和卫星观测结合在一起，形成一个覆盖北极的云观测网络。北极云将是表明北极系统是否以及何时正在转向新的气候状态的重要指标之一。北极云观测的数据整合和分析工作将对国际地球年将产生的基础设施和数据的遗产作出重大贡献。拟议的工作具体涉及以下四个问题：北极不同地点的云的宏观物理和微观物理特性是什么？一套全面的宏观和微观物理云特性反演算法将应用于来自不同地表站点的北极云测量。衍生产品将提供北极云特性的基线，在此基础上识别和理解未来的变化，并验证模型。北极云特性在时间和空间上如何变化？将使用阿拉斯加巴罗和加拿大尤里卡的多年云层观测记录来研究年际云层变化。此外，不同站点重叠测量的时间周期预计将提供对云特性的空间依赖性的重要洞察。北极云特性的空间和时间变异性如何取决于区域“强迫”参数？利用每个地面站点的辅助数据，云特性及其可变性的差异或相似之处将与促成云形成的区域气象特性联系在一起，以解释观测到的可变性。卫星提取的云特性和可变性是否与基于地面的一致测量结果相似？从地面测量得出的云层特性将与从卫星仪器上提取的云特性有关。根据这一信息，卫星测量将用于将分析扩大到北极其他区域，特别是未来可能的或新协调的地表地点的位置，如俄罗斯的Tiksi和挪威的NyAlesund。

This research will increase the fundamental understanding of both temporal and spatial variability of Arctic clouds. Knowledge of Arctic cloud properties is important for understanding the overall energy balance of the Arctic, and how Arctic climate interacts with the global climate system. There have been many short-term field experiments to study Arctic clouds at specific locations, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the temporal and spatial variability of cloud properties across the Arctic. The longest record of data exists at the North Slope of Alaska ARM site, but this is only at a single location. New data are now available from other ground-based sites that complement the measurements in Alaska and broaden our understanding of Arctic clouds. This group will combine these ground-based measurements at various sites with satellite observations to make a network of cloud observations across the Arctic.Arctic clouds will be one of the important indicators signifying if, and when, the Arctic system is moving to a new climatic state. The work of data integration and analysis of Arctic cloud observations will yield a significant contribution to the legacy of infrastructure and data that will result from the IPY.The proposed work specifically addresses the following four questions:What are the macrophysical and microphysical properties of clouds at various locations in the Arctic? A comprehensive suite of macro- and micro-physical cloud property retrieval algorithms will be applied to Arctic cloud measurements from various surface sites. The derived products will provide a baseline of Arctic cloud properties upon which to identify and understand future change, and to validate models.How do Arctic cloud properties vary both temporally and spatially? Multi-year records of cloud observations from Barrow, Alaska and Eureka, Canada will be used to investigate inter-annual cloud variability. Additionally, time periods of overlapping measurements at the different stations are expected to provide important insight into the spatial dependence of cloud properties.How do the spatial and temporal variability of Arctic cloud properties depend upon regional "forcing" parameters? Using ancillary data at each surface site, differences or similarities in cloud properties, and their variability, will be associated with regional meteorological properties that contribute to the forcing of cloud formation to explain the observed variability.Do satellite retrievals yield similar cloud properties and variability to the coincident surface-based measurements? Cloud properties derived from the surface measurements will be related to retrievals from satellite instruments. Based on this information, the satellite measurements will then be used to expand the analysis to other regions of the Arctic, in particular the locations of possible future or newly coordinated surface sites, such as Tiksi, Russia and NyAlesund, Norway.