Collaborative Research: IPY: Cloud Properties Across the Arctic Basin from Surface and Satellite Measurements - An Existing Arctic Observing Network

这项研究将增加对北极云层时空变化的基本认识。了解北极云的性质对于了解北极的整体能量平衡以及北极气候如何与全球气候系统相互作用非常重要。有许多短期的实地实验在特定地点研究北极云，但缺乏关于整个北极云性质的时空变化的知识。最长的数据记录存在于阿拉斯加北坡的ARM站点，但这只是在一个地点。现在可以从其他地面站点获得新的数据，这些数据补充了阿拉斯加的测量结果，扩大了我们对北极云的了解。这个小组将把不同地点的地面测量结果与卫星观测结果结合起来，建立一个横跨北极的云观测网络。北极云将是北极系统是否以及何时进入一种新的气候状态的重要指标之一。北极云观测的数据整合和分析工作将对国际极地年产生的基础设施和数据遗产作出重大贡献。建议的工作具体解决以下四个问题：北极不同地点的云的宏观物理和微观物理特性是什么？一套全面的宏观和微观物理云属性检索算法将应用于北极云测量从不同的地面站点。衍生产品将提供北极云特性的基线，在此基础上识别和了解未来的变化，并验证模型。北极云的性质在时间和空间上是如何变化的？来自阿拉斯加巴罗和加拿大尤里卡的多年云观测记录将用于研究年际云变化。此外，不同站点重叠测量的时间周期预计将为云特性的空间依赖性提供重要的见解。北极云性质的时空变化如何取决于区域“强迫”参数？利用每个地面站点的辅助数据，云特性的差异或相似之处及其变率将与区域气象特性联系起来，这些气象特性有助于云的形成，以解释观测到的变率。卫星反演得到的云的性质和变化是否与基于地面的测量结果相似？从地面测量得到的云性质将与卫星仪器的检索结果有关。基于这些信息，卫星测量结果将被用于将分析扩展到北极的其他地区，特别是可能的未来或新协调的地面站点的位置，如俄罗斯的蒂克西和挪威的尼亚勒松。

This research will increase the fundamental understanding of both temporal and spatial variability of Arctic clouds. Knowledge of Arctic cloud properties is important for understanding the overall energy balance of the Arctic, and how Arctic climate interacts with the global climate system. There have been many short-term field experiments to study Arctic clouds at specific locations, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the temporal and spatial variability of cloud properties across the Arctic. The longest record of data exists at the North Slope of Alaska ARM site, but this is only at a single location. New data are now available from other ground-based sites that complement the measurements in Alaska and broaden our understanding of Arctic clouds. This group will combine these ground-based measurements at various sites with satellite observations to make a network of cloud observations across the Arctic.Arctic clouds will be one of the important indicators signifying if, and when, the Arctic system is moving to a new climatic state. The work of data integration and analysis of Arctic cloud observations will yield a significant contribution to the legacy of infrastructure and data that will result from the IPY.The proposed work specifically addresses the following four questions:What are the macrophysical and microphysical properties of clouds at various locations in the Arctic? A comprehensive suite of macro- and micro-physical cloud property retrieval algorithms will be applied to Arctic cloud measurements from various surface sites. The derived products will provide a baseline of Arctic cloud properties upon which to identify and understand future change, and to validate models.How do Arctic cloud properties vary both temporally and spatially? Multi-year records of cloud observations from Barrow, Alaska and Eureka, Canada will be used to investigate inter-annual cloud variability. Additionally, time periods of overlapping measurements at the different stations are expected to provide important insight into the spatial dependence of cloud properties.How do the spatial and temporal variability of Arctic cloud properties depend upon regional "forcing" parameters? Using ancillary data at each surface site, differences or similarities in cloud properties, and their variability, will be associated with regional meteorological properties that contribute to the forcing of cloud formation to explain the observed variability.Do satellite retrievals yield similar cloud properties and variability to the coincident surface-based measurements? Cloud properties derived from the surface measurements will be related to retrievals from satellite instruments. Based on this information, the satellite measurements will then be used to expand the analysis to other regions of the Arctic, in particular the locations of possible future or newly coordinated surface sites, such as Tiksi, Russia and NyAlesund, Norway.