Collaborative Research: IPY: Cloud Properties Across the Arctic Basin from Surface and Satellite Measurements - An Existing Arctic Observing Network

这项研究将增加对北极云的时间和空间变化的基本了解。了解北极云的特性对于了解北极的整体能量平衡以及北极气候如何与全球气候系统相互作用非常重要。有许多短期的实地实验来研究北极特定地点的云，但缺乏关于整个北极云特性的时间和空间变化的知识。最长的数据记录存在于阿拉斯加北坡ARM站点，但这只是在一个单一的位置。现在可以从其他地面站点获得新的数据，这些数据补充了阿拉斯加的测量结果，并扩大了我们对北极云的了解。该小组将把这些在不同地点进行的地面测量联合收割机与卫星观测结合起来，形成一个横跨北极的云观测网络。北极云将成为表明北极系统是否以及何时正在向一种新的气候状态转变的重要指标之一。北极云观测的数据集成和分析工作将产生重大贡献的基础设施和数据的遗产，将导致从IPY.The拟议的工作，具体解决了以下四个问题：什么是云的宏观物理和微观物理特性在不同的位置在北极？一套全面的宏观和微观物理云属性检索算法将应用于北极云测量从不同的表面网站。所得到的产品将提供一个北极云特性的基线，在此基础上，以确定和了解未来的变化，并验证模型。阿拉斯加巴罗和加拿大尤里卡的多年云观测记录将用于调查年际云变化。此外，在不同的站点重叠测量的时间段，预计提供重要的洞察云的属性的空间依赖性。如何北极云的属性的空间和时间的变化取决于区域“强迫”参数？使用辅助数据在每个地面站点，云的属性的差异或相似性，以及它们的变异性，将与区域气象属性，有助于强迫云的形成，以解释所观察到的variability.Do卫星检索产生类似的云的属性和可变性，以符合地面为基础的测量？从地面测量得到的云特性将与卫星仪器的反演有关。根据这一信息，卫星测量结果将用于将分析扩大到北极其他区域，特别是未来可能的或新协调的地面站点的位置，如俄罗斯的Tiksi和挪威的NyAlesund。

This research will increase the fundamental understanding of both temporal and spatial variability of Arctic clouds. Knowledge of Arctic cloud properties is important for understanding the overall energy balance of the Arctic, and how Arctic climate interacts with the global climate system. There have been many short-term field experiments to study Arctic clouds at specific locations, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the temporal and spatial variability of cloud properties across the Arctic. The longest record of data exists at the North Slope of Alaska ARM site, but this is only at a single location. New data are now available from other ground-based sites that complement the measurements in Alaska and broaden our understanding of Arctic clouds. This group will combine these ground-based measurements at various sites with satellite observations to make a network of cloud observations across the Arctic.Arctic clouds will be one of the important indicators signifying if, and when, the Arctic system is moving to a new climatic state. The work of data integration and analysis of Arctic cloud observations will yield a significant contribution to the legacy of infrastructure and data that will result from the IPY.The proposed work specifically addresses the following four questions:What are the macrophysical and microphysical properties of clouds at various locations in the Arctic? A comprehensive suite of macro- and micro-physical cloud property retrieval algorithms will be applied to Arctic cloud measurements from various surface sites. The derived products will provide a baseline of Arctic cloud properties upon which to identify and understand future change, and to validate models.How do Arctic cloud properties vary both temporally and spatially? Multi-year records of cloud observations from Barrow, Alaska and Eureka, Canada will be used to investigate inter-annual cloud variability. Additionally, time periods of overlapping measurements at the different stations are expected to provide important insight into the spatial dependence of cloud properties.How do the spatial and temporal variability of Arctic cloud properties depend upon regional "forcing" parameters? Using ancillary data at each surface site, differences or similarities in cloud properties, and their variability, will be associated with regional meteorological properties that contribute to the forcing of cloud formation to explain the observed variability.Do satellite retrievals yield similar cloud properties and variability to the coincident surface-based measurements? Cloud properties derived from the surface measurements will be related to retrievals from satellite instruments. Based on this information, the satellite measurements will then be used to expand the analysis to other regions of the Arctic, in particular the locations of possible future or newly coordinated surface sites, such as Tiksi, Russia and NyAlesund, Norway.