Collaborative Proposal: MSB-FRA: Scaling Climate, Connectivity and Communities in Streams

合作提案：MSB-FRA：扩展河流中的气候、连通性和社区

• 批准号: 1802895
• 负责人: Benjamin Ruddell
• 金额: $ 25.04万
• 依托单位: Northern Arizona University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1802895&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; MSB; FRA; Scaling

Half of the Earth's streams are intermittent: they occasionally dry or stop flowing. Since the 1980s, researchers who study streams have developed theories about how stream ecosystems work. Each theory is different, but they all focus on a single physical aspect of streams that is thought to best explain how stream ecosystem structure and function vary from one place to another. Physical factors that have been considered include stream size, floods, and climate. However, the body of work informing the development of these theories, and the body of work supporting them, is based on research from streams that flow continuously, or "perennial streams." Given that half of the Earth's streams are intermittent, there is a need to develop a new theory for streams that explains how drying acts as a control on stream ecosystem structure and function, how intermittent and perennial streams are different, and how those differences vary from region to region. This project uses macrosystems ecology as a foundation to develop and test such a theory that can be applied to all the Earth's streams. A smartphone app will map wet and dry stream reaches in conjunction with international research partners (1000 Intermittent Rivers Project), and citizen science organizers, and educational partners to create new teaching tools. The research may help inform decisions on water use where streams and intermittent and human populations are increasing. Seven graduate student will be included on the diverse research team. This research project is comprised of three components. The first is a three-year field study of intermittent and continuously flowing streams in 10 different regions across the southern, central, and western US led by researchers at five different US universities that will collect streamflow and biological data. The field study will be focused on investigating how macroinvertebrate communities in intermittent and perennial streams differ in species composition and abundance, and how these differences vary according to climate. In 9 of the 10 regions, the researchers will use National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) collected data, and sampling will follow NEON sampling protocols to generate NEON-compatible data. The second component will develop fine-scale hydrological models of the study watersheds using the Coupled Routing and Excess STorage (CREST) model. These models will predict where and when streams dry in these watersheds, and researchers will model streamflow patterns under different scenarios related to sea surface temperature oscillations and other changes. The third component of the project will generate spatial models that integrate the empirically collected ecological data in the field with the hydrological model outputs. This part of the project will investigate how large-scale climate oscillations (e.g. El Nino Southern Oscillation) influence regional drying patterns differently, and how shifts in spatial drying patterns influence stream ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

地球上一半的河流是间歇性的：它们偶尔干涸或停止流动。自20世纪80年代以来，研究河流的研究人员已经发展了关于河流生态系统如何工作的理论。每种理论都是不同的，但它们都集中在河流的一个物理方面，这被认为是最好地解释了河流生态系统的结构和功能如何在一个地方到另一个地方变化。考虑到的物理因素包括河流大小、洪水和气候。然而，为这些理论的发展提供信息和支持的工作主体，是基于对连续流动的流或“多年生流”的研究。鉴于地球上一半的河流是间歇性的，有必要发展一种新的河流理论，解释干旱如何控制河流生态系统的结构和功能，间歇性和多年生河流有何不同，以及这些差异如何因地区而异。这个项目以宏观系统生态学为基础来发展和测试这样一个可以应用于地球上所有河流的理论。智能手机应用程序将与国际研究合作伙伴（1000条间歇河流项目）、公民科学组织者和教育合作伙伴一起绘制干湿河流分布图，以创建新的教学工具。这项研究可能有助于在河流和间歇性人口不断增加的地区制定用水决策。7名研究生将被纳入多元化的研究团队。这个研究项目由三个部分组成。首先是一项为期三年的实地研究，研究对象是美国南部、中部和西部10个不同地区的间歇性和连续流动的河流，由美国五所不同大学的研究人员领导，他们将收集河流流量和生物数据。野外研究的重点是调查间歇和多年生河流中大型无脊椎动物群落在物种组成和丰度上的差异，以及这些差异如何随气候变化而变化。在10个地区中的9个，研究人员将使用国家生态观测网络（NEON）收集的数据，并按照NEON采样协议进行采样，以生成与NEON兼容的数据。第二部分将使用耦合路由和超额存储（CREST）模型开发研究流域的精细尺度水文模型。这些模型将预测这些流域中河流干涸的地点和时间，研究人员将模拟与海面温度波动和其他变化相关的不同情景下的河流模式。该项目的第三个组成部分将生成空间模型，将实地经验收集的生态数据与水文模型输出结合起来。该项目的这一部分将研究大规模气候振荡（如厄尔尼诺-南方涛动）如何以不同的方式影响区域干旱模式，以及空间干旱模式的变化如何影响河流生态系统。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。