P2C2: Collaborative Research: The consumption rate of a CO2 pulse: Lessons from the middle Miocene

P2C2：协作研究：二氧化碳脉冲的消耗率：中新世中期的教训

• 批准号: 1804511
• 负责人: Hong Yang
• 金额: $ 17.71万
• 依托单位: Bryant University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-01 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1804511&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: P2C2; Collaborative; Research; consumption; rate

As human activity has already produced atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations that have surpassed the highest levels known during of the past three million years of Earth history, it is critical for society to better understand the fate of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by fossil fuel burning and other human activities. More accurate projections of future climate scenarios will require a more detailed understanding of how fast natural processes can remove from Earth's atmosphere the pulse of carbon dioxide that is being produced by society in the industrial era. Models of these processes predict a long tail of the pulse of human-produced carbon dioxide, suggesting that this carbon will have a long-term impact on our climate and society. As these processes play out over relatively long timescales, such predictions can be verified by looking to the geological record of past events. This project will provide a high-resolution reconstruction of how an ancient natural pulse of carbon dioxide injected into the atmosphere was neutralized by the Earth system in the geological past. As such, this study will provide important perspective from the past on the present rate at which atmospheric carbon can be taken up by natural processes, and hence help Earth scientists make more accurate projections of future climate change. The researchers will also work with a Geoscience summer residence camp for high school students and non-science major undergraduate students will participate in experiential learning in the field on the impact of climate change. Both activities will contribute to bringing students with diverse backgrounds into STEM and geoscience career paths.This research will evaluate the evolution of atmospheric CO2 on decadal timescales following a rapid pulse of large amounts of carbon dioxide injected into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions that was part of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the US Pacific Northwest. At the same time as these eruptions and nearby in northern Idaho, an ancient lake (Miocene Lake Clarkia) was formed when basalt flows presumably dammed a local drainage system. Sediments that began to accumulate in the newly formed Lake Clarkia preserve a history of these events in the geological record that can be used to evaluate, in high-resolution, the evolution of the spike of atmospheric CO2 concentrations that resulted from the volcanic eruptions. The researchers will use micro-XRF scanning of elemental distributions to focus their study on the unoxidized, varve-like sediments. They will reconstruct the evolution of this natural pulse of CO2 using the properties of stomatal pores in fossil leaves preserved in the sediments, combined with information from the stable isotopes of carbon preserved in the fossil organic matter.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

由于人类活动已经造成大气中二氧化碳浓度超过地球历史上过去300万年的最高水平，因此社会必须更好地了解化石燃料燃烧和其他人类活动产生的大气中二氧化碳的命运。 对未来气候情景的更准确预测将需要更详细地了解自然过程从地球大气中清除工业时代社会产生的二氧化碳脉冲的速度。这些过程的模型预测了人类产生的二氧化碳脉冲的长尾，这表明这种碳将对我们的气候和社会产生长期影响。 由于这些过程在相对较长的时间尺度上进行，因此可以通过查看过去事件的地质记录来验证这种预测。该项目将提供一个高分辨率的重建如何注入大气层的古代自然二氧化碳脉冲被地球系统在地质过去中和。因此，这项研究将从过去的角度提供重要的视角，了解自然过程吸收大气碳的目前速度，从而帮助地球科学家对未来气候变化做出更准确的预测。 研究人员还将与高中生和非科学专业本科生的地球科学夏令营合作，参与实地体验学习气候变化的影响。这两项活动将有助于将不同背景的学生带入STEM和地球科学职业道路。这项研究将评估大气CO2在十年时间尺度上的演变，这些时间尺度是美国太平洋西北部哥伦比亚河玄武岩群火山爆发期间大量二氧化碳注入大气的快速脉冲。 在这些火山喷发的同时，爱达荷州的北方及其附近，一个古老的湖泊（中新世克拉克亚湖）形成时，玄武岩流可能堵塞了当地的排水系统。 在新形成的克拉基亚湖中开始积累的沉积物在地质记录中保存了这些事件的历史，这些历史可以用来以高分辨率评估火山爆发导致的大气CO2浓度峰值的演变。 研究人员将使用微量XRF扫描元素分布，将研究重点放在未氧化的纹状沉积物上。 他们将利用沉积物中保存的化石叶子的气孔特性，结合化石有机物中保存的碳的稳定同位素信息，重建这种天然二氧化碳脉冲的演变过程。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Annually resolved sediments in the classic Clarkia lacustrine deposits (Idaho, USA) during the middle Miocene Climate Optimum

中新世中期气候最佳时期经典克拉克亚湖沉积物（美国爱达荷州）的年度沉积物

• DOI: 10.1130/g48901.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Höfig, Daianne;Zhang, Yi Ge;Giosan, Liviu;Leng, Qin;Liang, Jiaqi;Wu, Mengxiao;Miller, Brent;Yang, Hong
• 通讯作者: Yang, Hong