Collaborative Research: Axion Resonant InterAction DetectioN Experiment (ARIADNE) - a Continuation Proposal

合作研究：轴子共振相互作用检测实验（ARIADNE）——一项延续提案

• 批准号: 1806671
• 负责人: Andrew Geraci
• 金额: $ 30.52万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1806671&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Axion; Resonant; InterAction

Multiple astronomical observations have established that about 85% of the matter in the universe is not made of known particles. Deciphering the nature of this so-called Dark Matter is of fundamental importance to cosmology, astrophysics, and high-energy particle physics. One of the most exciting quests in particle physics is the search for new particles beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Extensions of the Standard Model predict not only new particles with large masses but also some with very small masses. Such a candidate is the axion, which has been introduced to explain the smallness of Charge-Parity (CP) violation in Quantum Chromodynamics and which turns out to also be a prime candidate for a constituent of the dark matter in the universe. The Axion Resonant InterAction DetectioN Experiment (ARIADNE) is designed to search for axion-mediated spin-dependent interactions between nuclei at sub-millimeter ranges. The experiment involves a rotating non-magnetic mass to source the axion field, and a dense ensemble of laser-polarized He-3 nuclei to detect the axion field by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. While participating in this research, a team of postdocs, graduate students, and undergraduate researchers will be broadly trained in the techniques of experimental atomic physics, optical pumping, nuclear magnetic resonance, low-temperature physics, micro-fabrication, magnetic shielding, vacuum systems, and modeling. This will be valuable preparation for work in basic or applied research, either in the U.S. or international work force or scientific community.The signal from an axion field can be resonantly enhanced by properly modulating the axion potential at the nuclear spin precession frequency. The goal of this award is to complete construction of the experiment, bring it through its commissioning phase during which possible systematics will be evaluated, and start the early data taking stage, exploring new parameter space for the PQ axion. The method has the potential to improve previous experimental and astrophysical bounds on axions by several orders of magnitude and probe deep into the theoretically interesting regime for the PQ axion. The experiment is also sensitive to more exotic axion-like particles. The new method can ultimately exceed present laboratory constraints on spin-dependent short-range forces by up to 8 orders of magnitude and can improve on the combined laboratory/astrophysical limits by a factor of 10^4 in the axion mass range of ma between 10 micro-eV and 10 milli-eV, probing deep into the traditional "PQ-axion window".This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

多项天文观测证实，宇宙中约 85% 的物质并非由已知粒子组成。破译这种所谓的暗物质的本质对于宇宙学、天体物理学和高能粒子物理学至关重要。粒子物理学中最令人兴奋的任务之一是寻找超出粒子物理学标准模型的新粒子。标准模型的扩展不仅预测了具有大质量的新粒子，而且还预测了一些具有非常小的质量的粒子。这样的候选者就是轴子，它的引入是为了解释量子色动力学中电荷宇称（CP）破坏的微小性，事实证明它也是宇宙中暗物质成分的主要候选者。轴子共振相互作用检测实验（ARIADNE）旨在寻找亚毫米范围内原子核之间轴子介导的自旋相关相互作用。该实验涉及一个旋转非磁性质量来提供轴子场，以及一个密集的激光偏振 He-3 原子核集合，以通过核磁共振检测轴子场。在参与这项研究时，由博士后、研究生和本科生研究人员组成的团队将接受实验原子物理、光泵浦、核磁共振、低温物理、微加工、磁屏蔽、真空系统和建模技术的广泛培训。这将为美国或国际劳动力或科学界的基础或应用研究工作做有价值的准备。通过在核自旋进动频率下适当调制轴子电势，可以共振增强来自轴子场的信号。该奖项的目标是完成实验的构建，使其完成调试阶段，在此期间将评估可能的系统学，并开始早期数据采集阶段，探索 PQ 轴子的新参数空间。该方法有可能将轴子先前的实验和天体物理界限提高几个数量级，并深入探讨 PQ 轴子理论上有趣的状态。该实验还对更奇特的轴子状粒子敏感。新方法最终可以超出目前实验室对自旋相关短程力的限制多达 8 个数量级，并且可以在 10 微电子伏特到 10 毫电子伏特之间的 ma 轴子质量范围内将实验室/天体物理组合极限提高 10^4 倍，深入探索传统的“PQ 轴子窗口”。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用 基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Characterization of magnetic field noise in the ARIADNE source mass rotor

ARIADNE 源质量转子中磁场噪声的表征

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.4.013090
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review Research
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Aggarwal, Nancy;Schnabel, A.;Voigt, J.;Brown, Alex;Long, J. C.;Knappe-Grueneberg, S.;Kilian, W.;Fang, A.;Geraci, A. A.;Kapitulnik, A.
• 通讯作者: Kapitulnik, A.

A method for controlling the magnetic field near a superconducting boundary in the ARIADNE axion experiment

ARIADNE轴子实验中超导边界附近磁场的控制方法

• DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/abf1cc
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Quantum Science and Technology
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Fosbinder-Elkins, H.;Kim, Y.;Dargert, J.;Harkness, M.;Geraci, A. A.;Levenson-Falk, E.;Mumford, S.;Fang, A.;Kapitulnik, A.;Matlashov, A.
• 通讯作者: Matlashov, A.