Ammonia, Acids and Environmental Surfaces

氨、酸和环境表面

• 批准号: 1807913
• 负责人: Mary Jane Shultz
• 金额: $ 60.05万
• 依托单位: Tufts University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1807913&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ammonia; Acids; Environmental; Surfaces

In this project, the Environmental Chemical Sciences Program of the Division of Chemistry is funding Professor Mary Jane Shultz of Tufts University to investigate environmental reactions related to ammonia and acids. Synthesis of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen has been called the greatest invention of the 20th century; indeed, it is responsible for feeding half the world?s population. It also consumes more than 2% of the World?s energy. Unfortunately, only 15% of the ammonia created and converted into fertilizer is useful for food production. As much as 50% of the ammonia produced ends up in the air or in water supplies. The fate and impact of the ammonia released into the atmosphere is largely unknown however, mitigating the loss of ammonia produced could have a major economic impact on food producers as well as reducing negative effects of runoff on water supplies. Modeling results suggest a catalytic role for ammonia in transforming sulfur oxides into particles that generate clouds. Clouds in turn modulate Earth's radiation balance. Understanding particle formation is one of the grand challenges associated with climate and weather modeling. This work is aimed at understanding the role of ammonia in the environment, especially in terms of energy consumption, food production and clean water supplies. The project is also expected to contribute to the technological workforce; students gain experience with inventing and applying forefront tools for probing surfaces. Data are shared with local secondary schools through the chemistry department COOP program; the Shultz laboratory is a host for COOP students.This project combines emerging spectroscopic techniques with surface science to probe ammonia-surface interactions. Surfaces play an outsized role both in soil-ammonia and ammonia-atmospheric-aerosol interactions. Probing complex mixtures that exist on these surfaces presents a challenge to most traditional surface science techniques. There is one technique that meets the challenge: nonlinear, surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy coupled with nonlinear interferometry. Applying this technique to soil and aerosol interfaces is expected to yield insight into interactions that impact water and air quality. Additionally, a deeper understanding of soil chemistry could lead to improved fertilizer formulations for controlled release impacting both food and water supplies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在这个项目中，化学系的环境化学科学计划资助塔夫茨大学的玛丽简·舒尔茨教授研究与氨和酸有关的环境反应。从大气中的氮合成氨被称为20世纪最伟大的发明;事实上，它是负责养活半个世界？的人口。它也消耗了世界2%以上的能源。的能量。 不幸的是，只有15%的氨产生并转化为肥料用于粮食生产。多达50%的氨最终进入空气或供水系统。释放到大气中的氨的命运和影响在很大程度上是未知的，然而，减少氨的损失可能会对粮食生产者产生重大的经济影响，并减少径流对供水的负面影响。模拟结果表明，氨在将硫氧化物转化为产生云的颗粒方面具有催化作用。云反过来调节地球的辐射平衡。了解粒子的形成是与气候和天气建模相关的重大挑战之一。这项工作旨在了解氨在环境中的作用，特别是在能源消耗，粮食生产和清洁水供应方面。 该项目还预计将有助于技术劳动力;学生获得发明和应用前沿工具探测表面的经验。通过化学系COOP项目与当地中学共享数据;舒尔茨实验室是COOP学生的东道主。该项目将新兴的光谱技术与表面科学相结合，以探测氨-表面相互作用。地表在土壤-氨和氨-大气-气溶胶相互作用中起着巨大的作用。探测这些表面上存在的复杂混合物对大多数传统的表面科学技术提出了挑战。有一种技术可以满足这一挑战：非线性、表面特定的振动光谱与非线性干涉测量相结合。将这种技术应用于土壤和气溶胶界面，有望深入了解影响水和空气质量的相互作用。此外，更深入地了解土壤化学可能会导致改善肥料配方，控制释放影响食品和水供应。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

Robust, Reproducible Silica Scaffold for Liquid Flow Applications

• DOI: 10.1021/acsaenm.3c00149
• 发表时间: 2023-06-20
• 期刊: ACS APPLIED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
• 作者: Davies，Rebecca G.;MacInnis，Allyson E.;Shultz，Mary Jane
• 通讯作者: Shultz，Mary Jane

High phase resolution: Probing interactions in complex interfaces with sum frequency generation

高相位分辨率：通过和频生成探测复杂界面中的相互作用

• DOI: 10.1116/6.0002963
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Biointerphases
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Shultz, Mary Jane;Bisson, Patrick;Wang, Jing;Marmolejos, Joam;Davies, Rebecca G.;Gubbins, Emma;Xiong, Ziqing
• 通讯作者: Xiong, Ziqing