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Lithium in kerogen, a potential resource and contributor to the global geochemical cycle

干酪根中的锂是一种潜在资源，对全球地球化学循环有贡献

基本信息

批准号：
1811613
负责人：
Lynda Williams
金额：
$ 49.9万
依托单位：
Arizona State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-01 至 2022-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1811613&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Lithium kerogen potential resource contributor

项目摘要

Lithium (Li) resources are crucial for the U.S. to gain a significant market share in future battery production for vehicle electrification and energy storage. Research and development of Li deposits is fundamental to development of this clean energy resource, and in understanding how this valuable element moves through geological systems and is concentrated in economic reserves. Economic and sustainable use of Li reserves is therefore critical to the U.S. prosperity, welfare and national defense. Rechargeable Li ion batteries currently produce 30 GWh per yr of energy, and production trends are projected to increase above 200GWh over the next few years. Along with the U.S., China, Britain, France, India and Norway have announced plans to phase out gas/diesel cars in favor of electric vehicles using Li ion batteries, so it is necessary to ask whether there is sufficient raw materials to meet the growing global demand for Li, and how we can utilize the resources sustainably. Current knowledge of the distribution of Li in organic-rich reservoirs has been incomplete because past methods to isolate organics used acid digestions that also removed organic-Li. Technological advances for in situ chemical mapping of elements led to recognition that significant Li is associated with organics. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the concentrations of organically bound Li in natural kerogen (coal), its chemical properties (organic type, isotopic composition) and thermal stability. With this information Li migration from one source (organic) to another (mineral) can be recognized and may lead to identification of new deposits, and new strategies for Li extraction. The results will contribute to our understanding of the global cycling of Li, and could lead to new 'clean energy' resources for our society.Empirical studies of Li in black shales suggest that organic matter is a significant source of Li, but its role in global geochemical cycles has been largely overlooked. This study will use Nanoscale-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS) for in situ examination of kerogen at a spatial resolution (50 nm) that can produce maps of carbon vs. silicon rich phases without chemical extractions that alter their Li-content. The hypothesis is that Li is released from the organic matrix at temperatures where clays (ash) form and concentrate Li. To test the hypothesis, investigators will 1) evaluate the Li concentrations and isotopic compositions in the different host phases, 2) conduct hydrothermal experiments on coals to measure Li release from organic phases and isotopic changes, 3) survey variously ranked coals containing Li to determine if Li correlates with organics in lower ranked coals and silicates in the higher ranked coals. The results will document the natural isotopic composition of Li in various types of kerogen and will advance knowledge of organic-Li thermal stability and isotopic fractionation when released to pore fluids. NanoSIMS measurements of Li in nanopores of kerogen will be made to test the hypothesis that released-Li can migrate through these pores, tracing hydrocarbons. This information will help to evaluate the economic potential and thermal extractability of Li from organics. The broader impact to society is a better understanding of Li sources and geochemical cycling, which will enable strategies for extraction of a more sustainable energy source.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

锂（Li）资源对于美国在未来汽车电气化和储能电池生产中获得重要市场份额至关重要。锂矿床的研究和开发对于开发这种清洁能源以及了解这种有价值的元素如何通过地质系统移动并集中在经济储备中至关重要。因此，锂储备的经济和可持续利用对于美国的繁荣、福利和国防至关重要。可充电锂离子电池目前每年产生 30 GWh 的能量，预计未来几年产量趋势将增加到 200 GWh 以上。与美国一样，中国、英国、法国、印度和挪威也宣布计划逐步淘汰汽油/柴油汽车，转而采用使用锂离子电池的电动汽车，因此有必要问是否有足够的原材料来满足全球对锂不断增长的需求，以及我们如何可持续地利用这些资源。目前对富含有机物储层中锂分布的了解还不完整，因为过去分离有机物的方法使用的酸消化也去除了有机锂。元素原位化学测绘技术的进步使人们认识到重要的锂与有机物有关。本研究的目的是评估天然干酪根（煤）中有机结合锂的浓度、其化学性质（有机类型、同位素组成）和热稳定性。有了这些信息，就可以识别锂从一种来源（有机）到另一种来源（矿物）的迁移，并可能导致新矿床的识别和锂提取的新策略。这些结果将有助于我们了解锂的全球循环，并可能为我们的社会带来新的“清洁能源”资源。对黑色页岩中锂的实证研究表明，有机质是锂的重要来源，但其在全球地球化学循环中的作用在很大程度上被忽视了。这项研究将使用纳米级二次离子质谱 (NanoSIMS) 在空间分辨率 (50 nm) 下对干酪根进行原位检查，可以生成碳与富硅相的图，而无需进行改变其锂含量的化学提取。假设是，在粘土（灰分）形成并浓缩锂的温度下，锂从有机基质中释放出来。为了检验这一假设，研究人员将1）评估不同宿主相中的锂浓度和同位素组成，2）对煤进行水热实验，测量有机相中锂的释放和同位素变化，3）调查含锂的不同等级煤，以确定锂是否与较低等级煤中的有机物和较高等级煤中的硅酸盐相关。研究结果将记录各种干酪根中锂的天然同位素组成，并将增进对有机锂热稳定性和释放到孔隙流体时的同位素分馏的认识。将对干酪根纳米孔中的锂进行 NanoSIMS 测量，以检验释放的锂可以通过这些孔隙迁移并追踪碳氢化合物的假设。这些信息将有助于评估从有机物中提取锂的经济潜力和热提取能力。对社会更广泛的影响是更好地了解锂来源和地球化学循环，这将使提取更可持续能源的战略成为可能。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。