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On the Impacts of Cloud Radiative Heating on General Circulation and Extreme Events

云辐射加热对大气环流和极端事件的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1813981
负责人：
Paul Staten
金额：
$ 38.91万
依托单位：
Indiana University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-06-15 至 2024-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1813981&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Impacts Cloud Radiative Heating General

项目摘要

This project will train two graduate students. Both the dynamics-based diagnostic tools developed and data produced in the research project will be made publicly available via online repositories. The funded project will augment previously NSF-funded science outreach programs at Indiana University, including the Jim Holland Research Program which serves under-represented high school students throughout Indiana. The research team will partner with WonderLab, a local museum for Science, Health, and Technology, and local school districts to create and disseminate climate change modules, thereby enhancing Indiana Science Teaching Standards in local K12 classrooms. The results from the research project will be widely disseminated in conferences and peer reviewed publications.Clouds and the associated precipitations are products of storms of various sizes ranging from a few kilometers to few thousand kilometers. In extratropics, particularly in winter seasons, clouds and precipitations are produced mainly by cyclones or storms that are few thousand kilometers wide. These large-scale storms are organized by mid-latitude westerly jet stream meandering meridionally along the latitude circle and tend to amplify over the North Pacific and North Atlantic off the east coasts of the two major continents. Latent heating release occurring during the formation of clouds and precipitations is known to play a critical role in the rapid amplification and lengthening of the life cycle of these storms. Besides releasing latent heat, clouds also alter atmospheric radiative heating profile by absorbing thermal energy emission from the surface and atmosphere below that are warmer while radiating heat out at a colder temperature, as well as reflecting more incoming solar energy back to space that causes cooling at the surface. Cloud-induced radiative heating anomalies may have long-lasting effect not only on the development of these storms but also on the westerly jet stream that carries them, as cyclones tend to preferentially amplify or redevelop over certain longitude sections in mid-latitudes, such as the North Pacific and North Atlantic. This research will diagnose how radiative heating anomalies associated with clouds affects the westerly jet and Rossby waves in which cyclones that produce clouds are embedded. Specifically, the research team will calculate 3D cloud-induced radiative heating rate anomalies in mid-latitudes using observational datasets and modeling output. They will examine the contribution from such anomalies to the low-frequency variability of the westerly jet stream and large-amplitude long-lasting atmospheric circulation anomalies, such as blocking flow.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个项目将培养两名研究生。开发的基于动态的诊断工具和研究项目中产生的数据都将通过在线存储库公开提供。该资助项目将扩大此前由美国国家科学基金会资助的印第安纳大学科学推广项目，包括吉姆·霍兰德研究项目，该项目为印第安纳州代表性不足的高中生提供服务。该研究团队将与当地科学、健康和技术博物馆WonderLab以及当地学区合作，创建和传播气候变化模块，从而提高印第安纳州当地K12教室的科学教学标准。研究项目的结果将在会议和同行评议的出版物中广泛传播。云和与之相关的降水是大小不一的风暴的产物，范围从几公里到几千公里不等。在温带地区，特别是在冬季，云和降水主要是由几千公里宽的气旋或风暴产生的。这些大规模风暴是由沿纬度圈经向蜿蜒的中纬度西风急流组织的，并倾向于在两个主要大陆东海岸的北太平洋和北大西洋上空扩大。在云和降水形成过程中发生的潜热释放已知在这些风暴生命周期的迅速扩大和延长中起关键作用。除了释放潜热外，云还通过吸收地表和下层较暖的大气的热能发射而改变大气的辐射加热剖面，同时在较冷的温度下向外辐射热量，并将更多的入射太阳能反射回太空，从而导致地表冷却。云引起的辐射加热异常不仅会对这些风暴的发展产生长期影响，而且还会对携带这些风暴的西风急流产生长期影响，因为气旋倾向于在中纬度地区的某些经度区域（如北太平洋和北大西洋）优先放大或重新发展。这项研究将诊断与云相关的辐射加热异常如何影响西风急流和罗斯比波，其中产生云的气旋嵌入其中。具体而言，研究小组将利用观测数据集和建模输出计算中纬度地区云引起的三维辐射加热率异常。他们将研究这些异常对西风急流的低频变异性和大振幅持久的大气环流异常（如阻塞流）的贡献。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。