CHS: Small: Establishing Action Laws for Touch Interaction

CHS：小：建立触摸交互的动作法则

• 批准号: 1815514
• 负责人: Xiaojun Bi
• 金额: $ 31.55万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1815514&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Small; Establishing; Action; Laws

Theoretical action laws and quantitative models are foundational to any field. In human-computer interaction and ergonomics, Fitts' law is one of the theoretical foundations for interface and input device development and research. It has served as a theoretical framework for evaluating input devices, a tool for computational interface design, and a logical basis for modeling more complex HCI tasks. However, ample empirical evidence has shown that Fitts' law and other existing action laws encounter problems, or even fail, when modeling touch interaction, primarily because they do not account for the imprecision of finger touch in interaction. This research will establish robust new action laws for touch interaction, including both pointing and trajectory-based gesturing (steering), which will guide the design and evaluation of touch interfaces and serve as cornerstones for modeling complex tasks, computational interface design and optimization. Given the ubiquitous adoption of mobile devices where touch input is dominant, project outcomes are expected to have broad impact that will reach millions of users. To demonstrate the practical value and effectiveness of the new touch action laws, they will be used to quantify the touch capacity of older adults, thereby laying the foundation for designing touch interfaces well-suited for that user community.The starting point for this research will be the principal investigator's Finger-Fitts (FFitts) law derived from the Dual Gaussian Distribution Model and Fitts' law. This preliminary work will be expanded to model 2D target selection and gesturing tasks. The research will be carried out following standard practices in Human Computer Interaction (HCI), first deriving candidate models from existing models, hypotheses, and rational assumptions, and then conducting rigorous user studies to evaluate the new models. The experimental results will in turn be used to refine the new models, which again will be evaluated via studies. Project outcomes will include the following theoretical and empirical intellectual contributions: action laws for touch pointing, including both the task form of the FFitts law which will predict touch pointing time with nominal task parameters (i.e., finger travel distance A and target width W), and the bivariate FFitts law which will model 2D pointing tasks on rectangular targets such as buttons, check boxes and hyperlinks; action laws for trajectory gestures (Finger-Steering laws), including a basic form for steering along straight paths and a generic form for other paths; and a touch action law based understanding of older adults' touch interaction capacity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

理论作用定律和定量模型是任何领域的基础。在人机交互和人体工程学中，菲茨定律是界面和输入设备开发和研究的理论基础之一。它作为评估输入设备的理论框架，计算界面设计的工具，以及为更复杂的HCI任务建模的逻辑基础。然而，大量的经验证据表明，Fitts定律和其他现有的动作定律在建模触摸交互时遇到了问题，甚至失败，主要是因为它们没有考虑到手指触摸在交互中的不精确性。这项研究将为触摸交互建立强大的新动作规律，包括指向和基于轨迹的手势（转向），这将指导触摸界面的设计和评估，并作为复杂任务建模、计算界面设计和优化的基石。考虑到触控输入技术在移动设备上的普及，项目成果有望对数百万用户产生广泛影响。为了证明新的触摸动作定律的实用价值和有效性，他们将被用来量化老年人的触摸能力，从而为设计适合老年人群体的触摸界面奠定基础。本研究的起点将是由双高斯分布模型和菲茨定律推导出的首席研究员的手指-菲茨定律。这项初步工作将扩展到模拟2D目标选择和手势任务。研究将按照人机交互（HCI）的标准实践进行，首先从现有模型、假设和理性假设中得出候选模型，然后进行严格的用户研究以评估新模型。实验结果将反过来用于改进新模型，这些模型将再次通过研究进行评估。项目成果将包括以下理论和经验知识贡献：触摸指向的动作规律，包括FFitts定律的任务形式，它将用标称任务参数（即手指移动距离A和目标宽度W）预测触摸指向时间，以及二元FFitts定律，它将模拟矩形目标（如按钮，选中框和超链接）上的2D指向任务；轨迹手势的动作规律（手指转向规律），包括沿直线方向转向的基本形式和其他方向转向的一般形式；基于对老年人触觉交互能力理解的触觉动作规律。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Optimal-T9: An Optimized T9-like Keyboard for Small Touchscreen Devices

• DOI: 10.1145/3279778.3279786
• 发表时间: 2018-11
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces
• 作者: Ryan Qin;Suwen Zhu;Yu-Hao Lin;Yu-Jung Ko;Xiaojun Bi

Using Bayes' Theorem for Command Input: Principle, Models, and Applications

使用贝叶斯定理进行命令输入：原理、模型和应用

• DOI: 10.1145/3313831.3376771
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: CHI'20
• 作者: Zhu, Suwen;Kim, Yoonsang;Zheng, Jingjie;Luo, Jennifer Yi;Qin, Ryan;Wang, Liuping;Fan, Xiangmin;Tian, Feng;Bi, Xiaojun
• 通讯作者: Bi, Xiaojun

HotStrokes: Word-Gesture Shortcuts on a Trackpad

• DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300395
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Wenzhe Cui;Jingjie Zheng;Blaine Lewis;Daniel Vogel;Xiaojun Bi

i'sFree: Eyes-Free Gesture Typing via a Touch-Enabled Remote Control

• DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300678
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Suwen Zhu;Jingjie Zheng;Shumin Zhai;Xiaojun Bi

BackSwipe: Back-of-device Word-Gesture Interaction on Smartphones

• DOI: 10.1145/3411764.3445081
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Wenzhe Cui;Suwen Zhu;Zhi Li;Zheer Xu;Xing-Dong Yang;I. Ramakrishnan;Xiaojun Bi