Collaborative Research: Eukaryotic virus-host interaction and evolution in Saccharomyces yeasts

没有一种病毒可以感染所有宿主物种；因此病毒宿主范围有限。有时，即使是一个细胞成分的变化也可能使宿主变成抗药宿主，或使抗药宿主变成病毒宿主。该项目将研究酿酒酵母/面包酵母（酿酒酵母），以了解病毒的存在如何选择改变病毒复制的宿主特异性变化，以及病毒如何适应感染新宿主。公众对啤酒/面包酵母的熟悉和兴趣将促进向公众推广，并且将为使用酵母的高中开发实验进化课程。该项目的目标是确定酿酒葡萄球菌对病毒寄生的适应性变化以及病毒对宿主环境变化的进化反应。病毒在酵母内的持久性驱动宿主和病毒的进化，因为细胞机制适应消除病毒复制，而病毒进化以确保其持久性。被不同类型病毒感染的酵母菌将在实验室中进化数百代，实时观察对病毒寄生的进化反应。下一代测序技术将用于鉴定宿主或病毒的适应性遗传变化，这些变化对持续病毒复制和/或抗病毒防御很重要。酿酒葡萄球菌可用的遗传工具将允许对宿主和病毒进行操纵，以确定适应性变化对病毒持久性的影响。这项工作将建立在先前的观察基础上，这些观察已经确定了宿主基因的物种特异性变化，这些变化可以影响酵母菌内病毒的复制。本研究的预期结果是更好地了解病毒与宿主在多代之间的动态相互作用，以及鉴定控制酿酒葡萄球菌病毒持久性的基因和细胞过程。由于真核生物的共同祖先和保守的细胞机制，这些发现可能适用于高等真核生物的病毒-宿主相互作用。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

No virus can infect all host species; therefore virus host range is limited. Sometimes, a change in even one cellular component may turn a host to a resistant host, or a resistant host into a host for the virus. This project will study brewer's/baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to understand how the presence of a virus can select for host-specific changes that alter the replication of viruses, and how viruses can adapt to infect new hosts. The familiarity and public interest in brewer's/baker's yeast will facilitate the outreach to the public, and experimental evolution curriculum will be developed for high schools using yeasts.The goal of this project is to identify adaptive changes that occur within S. cerevisiae in response to viral parasitism and the evolutionary response of viruses to changing host environments. Persistence of viruses within yeasts drives the evolution of both host and virus as cellular machinery adapts to abrogate virus replication and viruses evolve to ensure their persistence. Saccharomyces yeasts that are infected with different types of viruses will be evolved in the laboratory over hundreds of generations to observe the evolutionary response to viral parasitism in real-time. Next generation sequencing techniques will be used to identify adaptive genetic changes in either the host or virus that are important for persistent viral replication and/or antiviral defense. The genetic tools available for S. cerevisiae will allow the manipulation of both host and virus to identify the consequences of adaptive changes on virus persistence. This work will build on previous observations that have identified species-specific changes in host genes that can affect the replication of viruses within Saccharomyces yeasts. The expected outcomes of this research are a better understanding of the dynamic interplay between virus and host over multiple generations and the identification of genes and cellular processes that govern viral persistence within S. cerevisiae. Due to the common ancestry and conserved cellular mechanisms of eukaryotic organisms, these findings could potentially be applicable to virus-host interactions of higher eukaryotes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.