Improving our understanding of vorticity development in supercells through novel thermodynamic observations and an improved treatment of the near-surface layer in simulations

通过新颖的热力学观测和改进模拟中近地表层的处理，提高我们对超级单体中涡度发展的理解

基本信息

批准号：
1821885
负责人：
Paul Markowski
金额：
$ 116.84万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1821885&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Improving our understanding vorticity development

项目摘要

This research seeks to improve our understanding of the processes occurring within severe "supercell" thunderstorms that control the development of near-surface vertical vorticity (or "spin"), possible intensification to tornado strength, and the evolution thereafter. This project targets two aspects of supercell storms that are notoriously difficult to simulate and observe: (1) the influence of the buoyancy field and its horizontal gradients and (2) the influence of the underlying surface. The observational and numerical modeling methods are innovative and have the potential to be transformative, not only in the severe storms community, but in other scientific communities as well. This work will address a long-standing, critical need in the severe storms community, obtaining fine-scale 3D thermodynamic observations within storms? The PIs will also develop a permanent exhibit at a local, non-profit museum educating the public on severe storms, which will be a valuable contribution to the community. Historically, the PIs have been involved in a broad range of outreach activities, including K-12 and public education, the participation as science advisors for government groups and media, and publishing articles accessible to a broad audience. The PIs plan to undertake the following tasks: 1) sample supercell storms using pseudo-Lagrangian drifters and 2) use improved turbulence methods to study frictionally generated vorticity; both approaches are novel and creative. The use of pseudo-Lagrangian drifters to observe the 3D structure of the boundary layer surrounding and within supercells, capable of obtaining observations within the most dangerous and critical parts of the storm with minimal safety risks to the observer, is novel. This new observational tool will be used to obtain quasi-Lagrangian observations of wind and thermodynamic characteristics in the boundary layer extending into the core of the supercell, including in the cold pools which have been shown to be critical in developing sufficient near surface streamwise vorticity for tornadogenesis.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究旨在提高我们对严重的“超级电池”雷暴中发生的过程的理解，这些过程控制着近地表垂直涡度的发展（或“自旋”），可能对龙卷风强度的强化以及此后的进化。该项目针对超级电池风暴的两个方面，这些方面很难模拟和观察：（1）浮力场及其水平梯度的影响，以及（2）基础表面的影响。观察和数值建模方法具有创新性，并且有可能成为变革性的潜力，不仅在严重的风暴群落中，而且在其他科学界也是如此。这项工作将解决严重风暴社区中长期以来的至关重要的需求，并在风暴中获得精细的3D热力学观察？ PI还将在当地的非营利博物馆开发一个永久性展览，该博物馆对公众进行严重风暴的教育，这将是对社区的宝贵贡献。从历史上看，PI一直参与了广泛的外展活动，包括K-12和公共教育，作为政府团体和媒体的科学顾问的参与以及广泛的受众访问的文章。 PIS计划承担以下任务：1）使用伪拉格朗日的漂流者和2）使用改进的湍流方法来研究摩擦产生的涡度；两种方法都是新颖而富有创造力的。使用伪拉格朗日漂流器来观察周围和超级电池的边界层的3D结构，能够在风暴中最危险和最关键的部分中获得观察者，对观察者的安全风险最小，这是新颖的。这种新的观察工具将用于获得边界层中的准 - 拉格朗日式观察，对延伸到超级电池的核心的边界层观察结果，包括在冷池中，在冷池中，这对于发展足够的表面流动性涡流而言至关重要，这些奖项均表现出NSF的合法传教和范围，以表现出依次的依据。标准。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（11）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Processes Preventing the Development of a Significant Tornado in a Colorado Supercell on 26 May 2010

2010 年 5 月 26 日阻止科罗拉多超级单体形成严重龙卷风的过程

DOI：
10.1175/mwr-d-19-0288.1
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Monthly Weather Review
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Murdzek, Shawn S.;Markowski, Paul M.;Richardson, Yvette P.;Tanamachi, Robin L.
通讯作者：
Tanamachi, Robin L.

What is the Intrinsic Predictability of Tornadic Supercell Thunderstorms?