Populating a Radiocarbon Database of North America, Phase III
填充北美放射性碳数据库,第三阶段
基本信息
- 批准号:1822033
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 28.55万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Radiocarbon dating provides archaeologists with dates on organic materials (especially charcoal from hearths) that are less than 45,000 years old. It is the primary method that North American archaeologists use, and millions of dollars in federal and other funding has been spent in obtaining thousands of such dates from archaeological sites. Researchers around the world now use the changing abundance of radiocarbon dates over time as a way to reconstruct population over time, and thus to provide an important piece of human history: where and when did populations rise and decline? How fast? How does population change relate to environmental change, technological innovation, population density, subsistence, warfare, and emigration, social and political organization? This project has already compiled dates from the 11 western U.S. states (~42,000) and 12 Plains/Central states (~14,000); it will now move on to compile dates from the remaining eastern third of the US. It is not only the dates themselves that are compiled, but also associated contextual information that researchers need to "clean" the database to create a sample useful for their specific research questions. The data will become publicly and freely available through the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database, a large and growing international radiocarbon database. It will provide researchers with a useful tool to investigate research questions in several disciplines including archaeology, paleontology, and genetics, and help move North American archaeology toward its next frontier, "Big Data," since archaeology's strength is its ability to test hypotheses against patterns in data across vast reaches of space and time.This project focuses on the question of prehistoric rates of population growth and decline. It has already discovered that the long-term rates of growth of agricultural populations are the same as earlier hunting and gathering populations, and implies that rapid population growth is only a feature of modern human life, a product of nineteenth century technological advances in food production, trade, and medical knowledge. The project has also detected a pre-AD 1500 decline in Native American populations, the cause of which is under investigation and, combined with international data, remarkable synchronicity in global population trends of the past 10,000 years. To achieve its goal the project is also investigating the "best practices" of statistical analysis of large samples of radiocarbon dates. Rises and declines in the number of dates per unit time is assumed to track similar rises and declines in human population. There is reason to be cautious as several variables could modify this relationship, for example, research bias, the systematic loss of dates over time due to preservation, and the effects of the standard procedure used to convert radiocarbon ages in familiar calendar dates.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
放射性碳测年为考古学家提供了有机物质(特别是来自壁炉的木炭)的日期,这些物质的年龄小于45,000年。 这是北美考古学家使用的主要方法,数百万美元的联邦和其他资金已经花费在从考古遗址获得数千个这样的日期上。世界各地的研究人员现在使用放射性碳年代的丰度随着时间的推移而变化,作为重建人口随时间变化的一种方式,从而提供了人类历史的一个重要部分:人口在何时何地上升和下降? 有多快?人口变化与环境变化、技术创新、人口密度、生存、战争、移民、社会和政治组织有何关系? 该项目已经汇编了美国西部11个州(约42,000)和12个平原/中部州(约14,000)的日期;现在将继续汇编美国东部剩余三分之一的日期。 它不仅是日期本身的汇编,而且还相关的上下文信息,研究人员需要“清理”数据库,以创建一个样本,对他们的特定研究问题有用。这些数据将通过加拿大考古放射性碳数据库公开和免费提供,该数据库是一个不断增长的大型国际放射性碳数据库。它将为研究人员提供一个有用的工具来调查包括考古学、古生物学和遗传学在内的多个学科的研究问题,并帮助北美考古学走向下一个前沿领域“大数据”,因为考古学的优势在于它能够在广阔的空间和时间范围内根据数据模式测试假设。该项目关注史前人口增长和下降的速度问题。它已经发现,农业人口的长期增长率与早期狩猎和采集人口的增长率相同,这意味着人口的快速增长只是现代人类生活的一个特征,是19世纪食品生产、贸易和医学知识技术进步的产物。该项目还发现了公元1500年前美洲原住民人口的下降,其原因正在调查中,并结合国际数据,在过去10,000年的全球人口趋势中具有显着的同步性。为了实现其目标,该项目还在调查对放射性碳年代测定的大样本进行统计分析的“最佳做法”。每单位时间内约会次数的上升和下降被假定为跟踪人口的类似上升和下降。有理由保持谨慎,因为有几个变量可能会改变这种关系,例如,研究偏差,由于保存而导致的日期随时间的系统性丢失,以及用于将放射性碳年龄转换为熟悉日历日期的标准程序的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
A first empirical analysis of population stability in North America using radiocarbon records
- DOI:10.1177/0959683620919975
- 发表时间:2020-05-19
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.4
- 作者:Bird, Darcy;Freeman, Jacob;Kelly, Robert L.
- 通讯作者:Kelly, Robert L.
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Robert Kelly其他文献
The Impact of Sociodemographic Variables on Functional Recovery Following Lower Extremity Amputation
- DOI:
10.1016/j.jvs.2024.06.094 - 发表时间:
2024-09-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Rylie O'Meara;Karan Chawla;Akshita Gorantla;Robert Kelly;Matthew DeJong;Trissa Babrowski;Pegge Halandras;Matthew Blecha - 通讯作者:
Matthew Blecha
0177 : Deciphering multiple roles of Nkx2-5 during ventricular non-compaction
- DOI:
10.1016/s1878-6480(16)30468-2 - 发表时间:
2016-04-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Caroline Choquet;Minh Nguyen;Frank Kober;Monique Bernard;Robert Kelly;Nathalie Lalevee;Lucile Miquerol - 通讯作者:
Lucile Miquerol
Effect of pH and Al Cations on Chromate Inhibition of Galvanic-Induced Corrosion of AA7050-T7451 Macro-Coupled to 316SS
pH 和 Al 阳离子对 AA7050-T7451 与 316SS 宏观耦合的电偶腐蚀铬酸盐抑制的影响
- DOI:
10.1149/1945-7111/ac412a - 发表时间:
2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.9
- 作者:
Utibe;C. Glover;J. Scully;Robert Kelly - 通讯作者:
Robert Kelly
Kiosk 11R-TA-07 - T1휌 Imaging for Detecting Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
11R-TA-07 自助服务终端 - T1ρ成像用于检测应激性心肌病
- DOI:
10.1016/j.jocmr.2024.100300 - 发表时间:
2024-03-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:6.100
- 作者:
Liene Balode;James Ross;Dana Dawson;David Gamble;Robert Kelly - 通讯作者:
Robert Kelly
0269: Vascular remodeling of the endocardium following cardiac infarction occured by arteriogenesis and angiogenesis
- DOI:
10.1016/s1878-6480(14)71322-9 - 发表时间:
2014-04-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Lucile Miquerol;Cécile Cassan;Jerome Thireau;Sylvain Richard;Robert Kelly - 通讯作者:
Robert Kelly
Robert Kelly的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Robert Kelly', 18)}}的其他基金
Population Growth and Human Behavioral Change
人口增长和人类行为变化
- 批准号:
1939019 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 28.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Leveraging Extreme Thermoacidophily for Bio-based Chemicals
利用生物基化学品的极端嗜热性
- 批准号:
1802939 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 28.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Populating a Radiocarbon Database of North American, Phase II
填充北美放射性碳数据库,第二阶段
- 批准号:
1624061 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 28.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Populating a Radiocarbon Database of Western North America
填充北美西部的放射性碳数据库
- 批准号:
1418858 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 28.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Exploiting microbial hyperthermophilicity to produce an industrial chemical
合作研究:利用微生物的超嗜热性来生产工业化学品
- 批准号:
1264052 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 28.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Testing Colonization Models in New England
博士论文改进补助金:在新英格兰测试殖民模型
- 批准号:
1342656 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 28.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Human Occupation of the Bighorn Mountains
人类对大角山的占领
- 批准号:
0710868 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 28.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Functional Approaches for Annotating Secretome-bound Small ORFs in Microbial Genomes
注释微生物基因组中分泌蛋白组结合的小 ORF 的功能方法
- 批准号:
0730091 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 28.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Biotransformations Near and Above 100°C: Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms and Enzymes for Bioenergy Conversion
合作研究:接近和高于 100°C 的生物转化:用于生物能源转化的超嗜热微生物和酶
- 批准号:
0617272 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 28.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
LATE PLEISTOCENE HUMAN OCCUPATION OF THE BIGHORN MOUNTAINS
更新世晚期人类对大角山的占领
- 批准号:
0514863 - 财政年份:2005
- 资助金额:
$ 28.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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