Collaborative Grant: RAPID: Capturing a critical transition in fungal wood endophyte communities by rapid-response sampling post-hurricane in Puerto Rico.

合作资助：RAPID：通过波多黎各飓风后的快速响应采样，捕捉木材真菌内生菌群落的关键转变。

• 批准号: 1822065
• 负责人: Jonathan Schilling
• 金额: $ 14万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1822065&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Grant; RAPID; Capturing; critical

Endophytes are organisms that live inside plants. These inhabitants were long invisible to scientists studying plants, but with the advancement of DNA-based assessment tools, researchers have discovered an increasing diversity of organisms that reside inside healthy plants. Endophytes include hundreds of microbial species (bacteria and fungi) that live in healthy wood inside standing trees. Some provide benefits to the host tree, but others, particularly fungi, may attack and/or weaken trees (pathogens) or may try to get a head start decomposing wood (saprotrophs). In addition, there are many microbes present as endophytes with functions that have yet to be determined. Determining these functions is a critical need for predicting the risk of tree hazards, and for modeling rates of decomposition and carbon released once a tree dies. Accurately predicting wood decay is difficult and presents a significant uncertainty in carbon cycle models. To improve predictive power, it is necessary to model a key transition that occurs when a tree dies a natural death, killing many endophytes but exposing a payoff to others that rise to dominate these subsequent microbial communities, particularly saprotrophs. This research makes use of a natural disturbance event, the great deal of tree damage created by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico, to study how endophytes shape the fungal decomposition communities that develop post-disturbance. With this knowledge, it is possible not only to improve decomposition models but also better predict endophyte success, an asset for predicting tree hazard risks in future hurricanes. The project also offers opportunities for STEM training of several female team members, including Puerto Rican collaborators affected by Hurricane Maria. It will also lead to production of a public video describing the science, the scientists, and the role of endophytes in tree hazards and decomposition processes in nature.The goals of this project are to track the development of tree endophyte fungi post-hurricane in Puerto Rico's Guanica Forest scientific area, and to correlate this process with environmental variables and wood traits (e.g. nitrogen content). There are three specific objectives to reach this goal, 1) rapid-response sampling to assess fungal communities present at time zero, 2) tracking communities at two additional time points to assess persistence of endophytes, and 3) matching outcomes over one year to site climate data (temperature, rainfall) and to wood substrate physiochemistry. This study includes wood sections from 14 tree species, either cut and left in ground contact to decay along a transect or remaining standing as a stump section. A key hypothesis is that endophyte saprotrophs will have a greater influence on decomposition in standing sections rather than in ground contact, but that the overall rates of decomposition will be influenced by climate and wood physiochemical variables, particularly wood nitrogen and heartwood content. The study design allows coupling of community structure and function with host traits over time.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

内生菌是生活在植物体内的生物体。这些居民长期以来对研究植物的科学家来说是不可见的，但随着基于DNA的评估工具的进步，研究人员发现健康植物中存在的生物越来越多样化。内生菌包括数百种微生物物种（细菌和真菌），它们生活在直立树木内的健康木材中。有些为宿主树木提供益处，但其他的，特别是真菌，可能会攻击和/或削弱树木（病原体），或者可能试图抢先分解木材（腐生性）。此外，还有许多微生物作为内生菌存在，其功能尚未确定。确定这些功能是预测树木危害风险的关键，也是建模树木死亡后分解和碳释放速率的关键。准确预测木材腐烂是困难的，并在碳循环模型中呈现出显著的不确定性。为了提高预测能力，有必要对一个关键的转变进行建模，当一棵树自然死亡时，会发生这种转变，杀死许多内生菌，但会给其他人带来回报，这些人会在随后的微生物群落中占据主导地位，特别是腐生性。本研究利用自然干扰事件，大量的树损坏造成的飓风玛丽亚在波多黎各，研究内生菌如何塑造真菌分解社区，发展后的干扰。有了这些知识，不仅可以改进分解模型，还可以更好地预测内生菌的成功，这是预测未来飓风中树木灾害风险的一项资产。该项目还为几名女性团队成员提供了STEM培训机会，其中包括受飓风玛丽亚影响的波多黎各合作者。这也将导致制作一个公开的视频描述的科学，科学家，和内生菌在树木危害和分解过程中的作用在nature.The项目的目标是跟踪树木内生真菌的发展后，飓风在波多黎各的瓜尼卡森林科学领域，并将此过程与环境变量和木材性状（如氮含量）。有三个具体的目标来实现这一目标，1）快速响应采样，以评估真菌群落目前在时间零点，2）跟踪社区在两个额外的时间点，以评估内生菌的持久性，和3）匹配结果超过一年的网站气候数据（温度，降雨量）和木材基质的生理化学。这项研究包括木材部分从14个树种，无论是削减和留在地面接触腐烂沿着一个横断面或剩余的立场作为树桩部分。一个关键的假设是，内生菌saprotrophs将有一个更大的影响，而不是在地面接触的分解，但分解的总体速率将受到气候和木材理化变量，特别是木材氮和心材含量。该研究设计允许随着时间的推移将群落结构和功能与宿主特征相结合。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

Early chemical changes during wood decomposition are controlled by fungal communities inhabiting stems at treefall in a tropical dry forest

• DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05048-y
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Plant and Soil
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: François Maillard;E. Andrews;Molly K. Moran;Dan V. Du;P. Kennedy;J. Powers;Skip J. Van Bloem;J. Schilling