Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Development of Urban Structure and Government

博士论文改进补助金：城市结构和政府的发展

• 批准号: 1822230
• 负责人: Michael Smith
• 金额: $ 1.63万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-01 至 2019-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1822230&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Development

Adrian Chase, of Arizona State University, will undertake research to study the urban form created and used by the ancient Maya. Ancient Maya urbanism is characterized by large low-density cities covering up to two hundred square kilometers; some had populations of up to (and sometimes over) 100,000 people; all had a reliance on seasonal tropical rainfall for both agriculture and subsistence. While Maya rulers, mostly known from texts recorded on stone monument, reigned over Classic Period (550 CE - 900 CE) Maya cities and states, court officials and support staff likely handled day-to-day administrative tasks within these cities. The ancient Maya provide an excellent case study to review the role that both top-down (elite) and bottom-up (household) processes can impact the day-to-day governance of ancient cities. This research incorporates excavation at the Maya city of Caracol, Belize, one of the most well documented Maya cities, with data analyses to determine governance patterns. Maya cities, like Caracol, were designed to harvest rainfall for both sustenance and agriculture, but these aspects alone did not provide for the longevity of these ancient cities. Caracol itself also thrived for over one thousand years because of its social and political organization. Additional understanding of governance at Caracol will help elucidate how this city functioned, shed light on its longevity, and provide data appropriate for theoretical formulations and cross-cultural comparisons. Research at Caracol also involves cooperation between United States and Belizean citizens, as well as building and reinforcing positive international ties between both countries on a variety of levels that include hands-on undergraduate archaeological training.In this study, Adrian Chase assesses the degree to which aspects of the physical layout of a city (including the location of infrastructure, standardization of residential features, and neighborhood identity) provide practical proxies for identifying governance with Caracol, Belize as the test site location. Three datasets are used: 1) the distribution of urban service facility features around the city as a proxy for the degree of infrastructural power; 2) the degree of standardization of garden city features as a proxy for residential autonomy; and, 3) the patterning and distribution of ritual artifacts and their correlation with proposed neighborhoods as a proxy for the potential for collective action through neighborhood level identity. Through this research, concepts from more general urban theory in a variety of disciplines will be integrated with archaeological research through the operationalization of infrastructural power, household autonomy, and collective action at multiple scales of analysis: citywide, district, neighborhood, and plazuela household. Analysis of the built environment and archaeological material will augment the hieroglyphic narrative and provide a better understanding of the governance of a Late Classic Period Maya city.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

亚利桑那州立大学的阿德里安·蔡斯（Adrian Chase）将进行研究，研究古代玛雅人创建和使用的城市形式。古代玛雅城市主义的特征是覆盖高达200平方公里的大型低密度城市。有些人的人口最多（有时超过100,000人）；所有人都依赖农业和生存的​​季节性热带降雨。尽管玛雅统治者（Maya Riles）在石纪念碑上记录的文本中大多数是在经典时期（公元550年-900公元900年）统治的玛雅城市和州，但法院官员和支持人员可能会处理这些城市内的日常行政任务。古代玛雅人提供了一项出色的案例研究，以回顾自上而下的（精英）和自下而上的过程都会影响古代城市的日常治理。这项研究结合了玛雅市卡拉科尔（Caracol）的发掘，伯利兹（Belize）是玛雅人（Maya Cities）最有据可查的城市之一，并进行了数据分析以确定治理模式。玛雅城（Maya）城市（如卡拉科尔）旨在收获降雨以供寄生和农业，但仅这些方面并不能规定这些古老城市的寿命。卡拉科（Caracol）本身也因其社会和政治组织而蓬勃发展一千年。对卡拉科尔治理的进一步了解将有助于阐明这座城市的运作方式，阐明其寿命，并提供适合理论表述和跨文化比较的数据。卡拉索尔的研究还涉及美国和伯利兹公民之间的合作，以及在两国之间建立和加强在包括动手实践的本科考古培训的各个层面之间的积极联系。在这项研究中，阿德里安·蔡斯（Adrian Chase）评估了一定程度的程度卡拉科，伯利兹作为测试地点。使用了三个数据集：1）城市周围城市服务设施特征的分布，以替代基础设施力量的程度； 2）花园城市特征的标准化程度作为住宅自治的代理； 3）仪式文物的模式和分布及其与拟议社区的相关性，以此作为通过邻里层面身份进行集体行动的潜力的代理。通过这项研究，通过多个分析范围的基础设施能力，家庭自主权和集体行动的运作，来自多个学科的更一般城市理论的概念将与考古研究融为一体：全市，地区，邻里，邻里和普拉兹埃拉家庭。对建筑环境和考古材料的分析将增强象形文字的叙述，并更好地理解经典时期晚期的治理。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来获得支持。