Collaborative Research: How Policy Affects Power Plants in an Age of Experimentalist Governance

合作研究：实验主义治理时代政策如何影响发电厂

• 批准号: 1824106
• 负责人: Don Grant II
• 金额: $ 21.24万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1824106&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; How; Policy; Affects

This project tests the effects of various policies on the emissions and water usage of power plants. In addition, it investigates how the effectiveness of these policies is affected by countries' income distribution, entrepreneurial activity, government centralization, and concentration of utility assets. This study uses data compiled by the IEA and the World Resources Institute. Findings from this project promise to advance the field of policy research and especially our understanding of consequences of the rapid diffusion of policy instruments around the world. By determining how national conditions such as entrepreneurial activity weaken or strengthen the potency of policies, results also can aid government decisions about which evidence-based programs are best suited for promoting a particular nation's health and welfare.Data for this project comes from merging the WRI's newly created Power Watch dataset on the emissions and water usage of over 20,000 power plants in 190 countries (2004 to 2014) with the IEA's database on domestic policies. The following hypotheses are tested: 1) policies are more likely to decrease emissions in countries with less inequality, 2) policies are more effective in settings that strongly support entrepreneurial activity, 3) policies on use and policies on effects work less well together within moderately centralized governance systems, and 4) policies are more apt to increase the emissions and water consumption of plants when the plants are owned by companies that dominate domestic electricity markets. This project provides new evidence on the effectiveness of individual policies, but also sheds light on their trade-offs and the circumstances under which they are more and less compatible.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个项目测试了各种政策对发电厂排放和用水的影响。此外，它还调查了这些政策的有效性如何受到国家收入分配、企业活动、政府集中化和公用事业资产集中的影响。这项研究使用了国际能源署和世界资源研究所汇编的数据。该项目的研究结果有望推动政策研究领域的发展，特别是我们对政策工具在世界各地迅速扩散的后果的理解。通过确定企业家活动等国情如何削弱或加强政策的效力，研究结果还可以帮助政府决定哪些循证项目最适合促进特定国家的健康和福利。该项目的数据来自世界资源研究所新创建的电力观察数据集，该数据集涵盖190个国家（2004年至2014年）的2万多家发电厂的排放和用水情况，以及国际能源署的国内政策数据库。以下假设被检验：1)在不平等程度较低的国家，政策更有可能减少排放；2)在大力支持创业活动的环境中，政策更有效；3)在适度集中的治理体系中，使用政策和效果政策的协同作用不太好；4)当工厂由主导国内电力市场的公司拥有时，政策更容易增加工厂的排放量和用水量。该项目为个别政策的有效性提供了新的证据，但也揭示了它们的权衡以及它们在何种情况下或多或少是相容的。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。