权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

A History of Data Practices in the Water Sciences

水科学数据实践的历史

基本信息

批准号：
1827876
负责人：
Etienne Benson
金额：
$ 27.92万
依托单位：
University of Pennsylvania
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-15 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1827876&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
History Data Practices Water Sciences

项目摘要

This project is a historical study of data practices in hydrology, the science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on and below the earth's surface. Many of these practices continue to be used by scientists today to study and manage erosion, flooding, water scarcity, and a wide range of other water-related problems. This project will shed light on the historical origins of practices of data collection, management, analysis, and sharing that continue to be used by earth and environmental scientists. The requested funds will support travel for archival research, and for undergraduate and graduate student research assistants. It will result in a scholarly book and journal articles, a new undergraduate course on environmental data, research opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students, and insights into the history of data practices that may help to improve scientific pedagogy, data-sharing initiatives, and the use of scientific data in policy making.Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology became increasingly quantitative, mathematical, experimental, and data-intensive from the 1940s to the 1970s, a critical period in the history of the water sciences in the United States. To develop mathematical models of interactions between water and land, hydrologists and fluvial geomorphologists found it necessary to gather new kinds of data and to develop new ways of organizing, analyzing, and sharing them. In some cases, they re-purposed existing sources of data, while in other cases they launched entirely new data-gathering enterprises including novel kinds of field surveys and laboratory experiments. They also established new agreements and institutions to standardize data and encourage data sharing. These data practices proved critical to the management of water resources in the rapidly developing U.S. West as well as in other arid regions around the world. They also proved controversial; various stakeholders fought to determine which data were relevant, whether they could be trusted, and how they should be interpreted. This project will show how the sciences of water informed responses to emerging water problems and were in turn shaped by them. It will contribute to our understanding of the rise of quantitative, mathematical, and data-intensive techniques for understanding the Earth and managing the human environment.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目是对水文学数据实践的历史研究，水文学是一门研究地球表面及地表以下水的性质、分布和循环的科学。今天，科学家们继续使用其中的许多做法来研究和管理侵蚀、洪水、水资源短缺和其他广泛的与水有关的问题。该项目将揭示数据收集，管理，分析和共享实践的历史起源，这些实践继续被地球和环境科学家使用。所请求的资金将支持档案研究以及本科生和研究生研究助理的旅行。它将产生一本学术书籍和期刊文章，一门关于环境数据的新本科课程，为本科生和研究生提供研究机会，并深入了解数据实践的历史，这可能有助于改善科学教学法，数据共享计划以及在政策制定中使用科学数据。从20世纪40年代到70年代，这是美国水科学史上的关键时期。为了建立水与土地之间相互作用的数学模型，水文学家和河流地貌学家发现有必要收集新类型的数据，并开发组织，分析和共享它们的新方法。在某些情况下，他们重新利用现有的数据来源，而在其他情况下，他们推出了全新的数据收集企业，包括新型的实地调查和实验室实验。他们还建立了新的协议和机构，以标准化数据并鼓励数据共享。事实证明，这些数据实践对于快速发展的美国西部以及世界其他干旱地区的水资源管理至关重要。它们也被证明是有争议的;各利益攸关方努力确定哪些数据是相关的，这些数据是否可信，以及如何解释这些数据。该项目将展示水科学如何为应对新出现的水问题提供信息，并反过来受这些问题的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。