Integrating Archaeological and Indigenous Data Sources to Explore the Peopling of the North American Continent Along the Ice-Free Corridor

整合考古和土著数据源，探索北美大陆无冰走廊沿线的人类居住情况

• 批准号: 1827975
• 负责人: Maria Zedeno
• 金额: $ 88.49万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-15 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1827975&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Integrating; Archaeological; Indigenous; Data; Sources

The colonization of North America tens of thousands of years ago is a milestone in the story of human dispersal and migration. As it occurred during a time of dramatic climate change, it also represents an unparalleled laboratory to study the impact of environmental change on human groups, as well as the ecological role of people on species extinctions and ecosystem sustainability. In addition to its value for scientists, the peopling of North America figures prominently in the worldview of Native Americans and holds important implications for issues related to identity, cultural heritage, and territory rights. The project will take place in the Blackfeet Indian Reservation in north-central Montana, at the southern end of the ice-free corridor between glaciers, from where the first Americans may have spread out from Alaska to the rest of the continent. Well-preserved archaeological sites of this period are extremely rare due to deglaciation processes that either destroyed or deeply buried evidence of early colonization. Because of this knowledge gap, it is difficult to ascertain the dispersal and land use dynamics of early settlers. This project will focus on the excavation of the Billy Big Spring Site that presents a unique, well-preserved stratigraphy containing archaeological occupations dated to the Late Glacial period ~13,000 years ago to shed light on some of these questions.This project integrates archaeological research with Native American genetic data and oral history to explore the settlement of North America during the end of the last Ice Age. The Billy Big Spring Site constitutes a strong analytical case for addressing the timing and modes of inland colonization of the continent through the exploration of connections between early northern occupations from Alaska to Montana, and early human occupations in the region and beyond. Large-scale archaeological investigations at Billy Big Springs will provide a detailed view of landscape preferences of early North American peoples that likely informed land and resource use through time. The project will (1) survey and excavate an early archaeological located just south of the ice-free corridor to develop a predictive model of early colonization of the region; (2) integrate Native American oral history into archaeological research related to the peopling of North America; (3) train tribal members in the study and management of their cultural heritage; (4) translate scientific findings for Native American groups; and (5) develop school curricula for the benefit of Blackfoot, Alaskan, and other Native communities. The project is a collaboration between a public university and a Native American tribe, which will contribute to standards for ethical and community-based archaeology related to the early peopling of North America, providing an excellent opportunity to broaden participation from underrepresented groups in archaeology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

数万年前对北美的殖民是人类分散和迁徙历史上的一个里程碑。由于它发生在气候剧烈变化的时期，它也是一个无与伦比的实验室，研究环境变化对人类群体的影响，以及人类对物种灭绝和生态系统可持续性的生态作用。除了对科学家的价值，北美人在美洲原住民的世界观中占有突出地位，并对与身份、文化遗产和领地权利有关的问题具有重要影响。该项目将在蒙大拿州中北部的黑脚印第安人保留地进行，该保留地位于冰川之间无冰走廊的南端，第一批美国人可能从那里从阿拉斯加蔓延到大陆的其他地方。这一时期保存完好的考古遗址极其罕见，因为冰川消融过程要么摧毁了早期殖民的证据，要么深埋了证据。由于这一知识差距，很难确定早期定居者的扩散和土地利用动态。该项目将重点挖掘比利大泉遗址，该遗址呈现出一种独特的、保存完好的地层学，其中包含可追溯到约13,000年前冰河晚期的考古职业，以阐明其中一些问题。该项目将考古研究与美洲原住民基因数据和口述历史相结合，以探索北美在最后一个冰河时代结束时的定居。比利大泉遗址构成了一个强有力的分析案例，通过探索从阿拉斯加到蒙大拿州的早期北方占领与该地区及其他地区早期人类占领之间的联系，来探讨该大陆内陆殖民的时间和模式。比利·比尔比格斯普林斯的大规模考古调查将提供早期北美人的景观偏好的详细信息，这可能会随着时间的推移而了解土地和资源的使用情况。该项目将(1)调查和挖掘位于无冰走廊以南的一处早期考古遗址，以建立该地区早期殖民的预测模型；(2)将美洲土著口述历史纳入与北美人民有关的考古研究；(3)培训部落成员研究和管理他们的文化遗产；(4)为美洲土著群体翻译科学成果；(5)为黑脚人、阿拉斯加人和其他土著社区制定学校课程。该项目是一所公立大学和一个美洲原住民部落之间的合作，将有助于制定与北美早期人类相关的伦理和基于社区的考古标准，为扩大未被充分代表的群体参与考古提供了一个极好的机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Oral tradition as emplacement: Ancestral Blackfoot memories of the Rocky Mountain Front

作为安置点的口头传统：落基山前黑脚人的祖先记忆

• DOI: 10.1177/14696053211019837
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Social Archaeology
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Zedeño, María Nieves;Pickering, Evelyn;Lanoë, François
• 通讯作者: Lanoë, François

Glacial kettles as archives of early human settlement along the Northern Rocky Mountain Front

冰川壶作为北落基山前线早期人类定居的档案

• DOI: 10.1017/qua.2021.40
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Quaternary Research
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Lanoë, François B.;Zedeño, M. Nieves;Jansson, Anna M.;Holliday, Vance T.;Reuther, Joshua D.
• 通讯作者: Reuther, Joshua D.

McKean in the Northern Rocky Mountain Front: Economic landscape and ethnogenesis

北落基山前线的麦基恩：经济景观和民族起源

• DOI: 10.1080/00320447.2019.1689347
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Plains Anthropologist
• 作者: Lanoë, François B.;Zedeño, M. Nieves;Soza, Danielle R.;Jansson, Anna M.
• 通讯作者: Jansson, Anna M.