Understanding Whitecap Foam Decay using Shipboard Infrared Remote Sensing

使用船载红外遥感了解 Whitecap 泡沫衰变

基本信息

批准号：
1829986
负责人：
Henry Potter
金额：
$ 53.24万
依托单位：
Texas A&M University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829986&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Understanding Whitecap Foam Decay using

项目摘要

This work is motivated by the need to improve parameterization of the fractional coverage of whitecaps on the ocean surface. Whitecaps, which are created during wave breaking (stage A) and linger on the surface afterwards (stage B), have considerable influence on the boundary layer and climate. For example, they are critical to the exchange of heat, mass, and momentum, the production of aerosols, upper-ocean mixing, gas diffusion, and tropical storm intensity. Whitecap coverage is used expansively to estimate these and other processes, yet the routinely employed wind speed dependence has orders of magnitude uncertainty that is, in large part, due to large variations in stage B lifetime. In order to understand the factors influencing foam lifetime, a ship-based field study of whitecaps will be conducted with infrared imagery, acoustic characterization of bubble plumes and additional oceanographic and meteorological measurements. The data will be analyzed statistically to yield a model that will predict stage B lifetime in various environments leading to more accurate estimates of whitecap coverage and the surface processes they infer. Whitecaps are used during satellite remote sensing to estimate surface winds and surface albedo both of which are initializing variables in climate models. A more robust knowledge of whitecaps will therefore improve these models. Furthermore, whitecaps must be accounted for when using satellites to retrieve ocean color and primary production estimates. This will also be more accurate as a result of this research. A great deal of anthropogenic CO2 is sequestered into the ocean and exchanged across the air-sea interface, in part, through whitecap air entrainment and bubble bursting. Small droplets produced when whitecap bubbles burst scatter solar radiation and act as cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud albedo. Understanding the complex interactions at the air-sea interface that influence whitecaps in the contemporary ocean will enable researchers to construct better informed models of the impact whitecaps have on climate and may be used to predict the role of whitecaps in the future Earth system. Deaf and Hard of Hearing (HoH) students from Texas A&M University will be recruited to work on this project. These high impact learning experiences will provide Deaf and HoH students from other disciplines the opportunity to participate in STEM research which may otherwise not be available. It is expected that this will lead to more Deaf and HoH students earning undergraduate degrees in STEM fields leading to graduate degrees and STEM careers. A graduate student will be supported through this research and receive training in physical oceanography. Science majors from across the Texas A&M University campus will be offered an opportunity for hands-on research experience in oceanography, and several undergraduate students will become active partners in the research by conducting individual research projects. Results from the research will primarily be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific meetings, with students playing an active role at all stages in the dissemination process.The objective of this project is to develop a parametric model that can predict stage B whitecap lifetime. The model will be created using data from shipboard infrared images of whitecaps captured simultaneously with measurements of meteorological and oceanographic conditions at the air-sea interface. Infrared remote sensing will be used because it provides clear, unambiguous separation of whitecap stages not afforded by other remote sensing techniques. These data will be analyzed using a principle component analysis to determine each parameter's relative contribution to the lifetime of stage B whitecaps and to develop the model. Infrared images will be recorded in the Gulf of Mexico during multiple cruises in order to capture a wide variety of conditions that will lend strength to the model. Shipboard data will be supplemented with wave information taken from existing buoy networks. This research is a collaboration between the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington, D.C. and the Department of Oceanography at Texas A&M University. Both institutions bring equipment that the other does not have, leading to collaboration much greater than its parts. This project may cultivate a longstanding academic-government partnership.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项工作是由于需要改善海洋表面上白蛋白酶分数覆盖的参数化的动机。在波浪破裂（A期）和后面（B期）持续的白色胶囊对边界层和气候产生了很大影响。例如，它们对于热量，质量和动量的交换至关重要，气溶胶的产生，上海上混合，气体扩散和热带风暴强度。 WhiteCap的覆盖范围广泛用于估计这些过程和其他过程，但是常规使用的风速依赖性具有数量级不确定性，这在很大程度上是由于阶段B寿命的差异很大。为了理解影响泡沫寿命的因素，将使用红外图像，气泡羽流的声学表征以及其他海洋学和气象测量进行基于船舶的白色群落研究。将对数据进行统计分析，以产生一个模型，该模型将在各种环境中预测B期寿命，从而更准确地估计WhiteCap覆盖范围及其推断的表面过程。在卫星遥感期间使用白蛋白酶来估计表面风和表面反照率，这两者都在气候模型中初始化变量。因此，对白蛋白酶的了解更强大将改善这些模型。此外，使用卫星来检索海洋颜色和初级生产估计值时，必须考虑白蛋白酶。由于这项研究，这也将更加准确。大量的人为二氧化碳被隔离到海洋中，并部分通过白色空气夹带和泡泡破裂在空气海界面上交换。当WhiteCap气泡破裂散射太阳辐射并充当云凝结核时，产生的小滴会产生，影响云反照率。了解影响当代海洋中白色群落的空气接口上的复杂相互作用，将使研究人员能够构建对Whitecaps对气候影响的更好的知情模型，并可以用来预测白ecaps在未来地球系统中的作用。来自德克萨斯A＆M大学的聋哑和听力（HOH）的学生将被招募从事该项目。这些高影响力的学习经历将为其他学科的聋哑学生和HOH学生提供参与STEM研究的机会，否则可能无法提供。预计这将导致更多的聋哑学生和HOH学生在STEM领域获得本科学位，从而获得研究生学位和STEM职业。通过这项研究，将为研究生提供支持，并接受物理海洋学的培训。来自得克萨斯州A＆M大学校园的科学专业的专业将获得海洋学动手研究经验的机会，几位本科生将通过进行单个研究项目来成为研究的积极伙伴。研究的结果将主要通过科学会议上的同行评审出版物和演讲来传播，学生在传播过程中的各个阶段都发挥了积极作用。该模型将使用来自空气接口处的气象和海洋学条件的测量的Whitecaps的船上红外图像创建。红外遥感将被使用，因为它提供了其他遥感技术所无法提供的清晰，明确的白色阶段分离。这些数据将使用原理分析分析，以确定每个参数对阶段B Whitecaps寿命的相对贡献并开发模型。红外图像将在多次巡航期间记录在墨西哥湾的墨西哥湾，以捕获各种条件，这些条件将借给该模型。船上数据将补充从现有浮标网络中获取的波浪信息。这项研究是华盛顿特区的海军研究实验室（NRL）与德克萨斯农工大学海洋学系之间的合作。这两个机构都带来了其他机构所没有的设备，导致协作远大于其部分。该项目可能会培养长期的学术政府合作伙伴关系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评论标准，被认为值得通过评估。