Stratification-Analyses of Mythic Plots and Texts in Ancient Cultures

古代文化神话情节与文本的分层分析

• 批准号: 235014291
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Annette Zgoll
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Seminar für Altorientalistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/235014291?language=en
• 关键词: Stratification; Analyses; Mythic; Plots; Texts

Characteristic for research about ancient myths is a plurality of approaches which might almost appear as diffuse arbitrariness and which reflects the heterogeneity of research results and their evaluations. Comparative research approaches are detectable, but they exhaust themselves largely in paratactic enumerations of different sources and in specialised individual studies. In order to work through ancient myths in a systematically and comparatively founded manner it is necessary to find a representative material base, a comprehensive theoretical frame and a method which can be applied for one culture as well as for cultures in comparison.While the research of ancient myths has focused mainly on Greek and Roman sources, the research group STRATA broadens the material base regarding time, region, topics and genre by incorporating the earliest, Ancient Near Eastern as well as the later, Jewish-Christian ancient worlds. The further development and application of the basically mapped theoretical framework will initiate a development in formal, distinctive and dynamic respects. Formally myths are encompassed as plots which concretise in different forms, available in larger compositions and in isolated mythemes as in a Sumerian gods list, a Greek comedy or in a Late Antique Christian sermon. A differentiated, elaborated philological-historical method focusing on the analysis of plots as sequences of mythemes and of isolated mythemes provides the research group the innovative instruments to serve as a solid foundation for systematic, quantified comparative distinctions. A problem analysis of previous research on myths shows furthermore that one implicitly presupposed postulate of traditional approaches, namely that all elements of mythic plots and texts have to be intentionally related on one singular consistent level, fails ancient myths. In contrast the research group will explore the dynamic potential of myths in a completely new way. This approach will be successful if heterogeneous morphologies, incompatibilities and inconsistencies of mythical plots and texts are not regarded as mistakes or inaccuracies and as such are not smoothed or emended, but evaluated as indicators of a complex process of transmission, the analysis of which will help us identify different, historically grown strata.This innovative approach will be applied exemplarily to ancient myths about changing spheres, that is to myths about going to vertically remote spheres as heaven and netherworld or to horizontally distant peripherals like the ¿Island of the Blessed¿. Preliminary studies have shown that such plots up to now remain incomprehensible in many respects. So it is just here that a new methodological approach is a desideratum. During the first grant-period the method will be enhanced primarily through textual sources; during the second grant-period it will be expanded systematically on iconographic sources.

古代神话研究的特点是方法多样，几乎呈现出弥漫的任意性，反映了研究成果及其评价的异质性。比较研究方法是可以检测到的，但它们在很大程度上是在并列列举不同来源和专门的个别研究中耗尽自己的精力。为了系统地、相对地研究古代神话，有必要找到一个具有代表性的材料基础、一个全面的理论框架和一种方法，既可以应用于一种文化，也可以应用于比较文化。虽然古代神话的研究主要集中在希腊和罗马的来源上，但研究组的层次结构扩大了关于时间、地区、主题和流派的物质基础，纳入了最早的古代近东以及后来的犹太-基督教古代世界。基本图谱理论框架的进一步发展和应用，将开启形式、特色和动态三个方面的发展。形式上，神话是以不同的形式具体化的情节，以更大的构图和孤立的神话主题存在，如苏美尔人的神明名单、希腊喜剧或晚期古董基督教布道。一种不同的、精心设计的文献学-历史学方法，侧重于将情节作为神话主题的序列和孤立的神话主题的序列进行分析，为研究小组提供了创新的工具，作为系统的、量化的比较区别的坚实基础。对前人对神话研究的问题分析进一步表明，传统方法的一个隐含的前提假设，即神话情节和文本的所有元素必须故意在一个单一的一致水平上相关，这是不符合古代神话的。相比之下，研究小组将以一种全新的方式探索神话的动态潜力。如果神话情节和文本的不同形态、不相容和不一致不被视为错误或不准确，因此不被平滑或修正，而是被评估为一个复杂的传播过程的指标，对其进行分析将有助于我们识别不同的、历史上生长的战略，这种创新的方法将被示范地应用于古代关于改变球体的神话，即去垂直遥远的球体作为天堂和阴间的神话，或去到水平遥远的边缘，如祝福之岛。初步研究表明，到目前为止，这种阴谋在许多方面仍然令人费解。因此，正是在这里，一种新的方法论方法是可取的。在第一个授权期内，将主要通过文字资料来源加强这一方法；在第二个授权期内，将在图像资料来源上系统地扩展这一方法。