Divinities and domains of the netherworld. Reconstruction, stratification and comparative analyses of mythical Stoffe from ancient Mesopotamia

美索不达米亚神话中关于从活人到冥界的过渡给学者们带来了复杂的挑战，正如我们在RU 2064的第一阶段所看到的那样。通过利用RU的理论框架和方法，我们已经能够重建神话Stoffe作为一个交织的阶层在史诗angalta和其他来源的砾岩。通过研究一些最早的神话资料，AM项目能够完整地证明这种方法的可行性。在内容方面，我们发现美索不达米亚的传统，虽然被对地下世界的邪恶描述所主导，但也提出了其他观点：重建的神话斯托夫包含了黑社会神和领域的痕迹，这些都是以积极的方式出现的，例如，在冥界的一个区域，死者被提供食物和饮料，或者从冥界取回并带到活人世界的超自然力量工具。在第二阶段，AM将继续在关于强大实体及其在冥界的统治的神话背景下追踪这些痕迹。这些神话涉及到冥界的女王Ereeki-ki-gal，从属实体，如恶魔，守护者和摆渡人，以及他们居住在生者和死者之间的边界地区（门户，河流）。具体目标是：- 根据目前的研究状况，即中央文本的新版本，对来源进行语文学（重新）审查，-使用神话研究的方法对来源进行神话学审查，如Stoffe的研究（hyleme分析，hylistics）由RU开发，以重建相关的神话（例如，它们的变体），并-通过分析神话层-获得先进的历史洞察力，以了解几个世纪以来流传的神话，关于地下世界的实体及其居住的空间，-通过对关于强大实体及其领域的神话的比较评估，无论是在同一文化中，还是在不同的古代文化中，（涉及GR、KA、KM），在DH和KM项目的方法支持下，美索不达米亚神话和与黑社会有关的神话人物在各自的历史背景和解释视野中所涉及的具体需求，并分析它们可能的类型学或遗传学关系，-通过跨媒介比较，与其他参与和相关项目一起，确定神话Stoffe在文本，视觉和表演表现方面的具体差异。通过神话的重建，分层和跨媒体比较研究，AM将在合作RU 2064 STRATA框架内，在总结性的综合中发挥作用，建立一个跨媒体的，比较研究的神话的基础上分析神话斯托夫和他们的分层。

Mesopotamian myths about transitions from the sphere of the living into the underworld are providing scholars with complex challenges, as we have seen in phase 1 of the RU 2064. By utilizing the theoretical framework and the methodology of the RU, we have been able to reconstruct mythical Stoffe as a conglomerate of interwoven strata in the epic poem angalta and other sources. Working on some of the earliest mythical sources, project AM was able to demonstrate feasability of the method in its entirety.In terms of content we have found that the Mesopotamian tradition, although dominated by sinister descriptions of the underworld, also presents other perspectives: the reconstructed mythical Stoffe contain traces of underworld divinities and domains that appear in a positive light, e.g. an area inside the underworld where the dead are provided with food and drink, or numinous instruments of power that are retrieved from the underworld and brought into the world of the living.In phase 2, AM will continue to pursue these traces in the context of myths about powerful entities and their dominions in the underworld. These are myths involving the queen of the underworld Ereš-ki-gal, subordinate entities such as demons, guardians, and the ferryman, and the border regions they inhabit between the spheres of the living and the dead (gateways, rivers). The concrete aims are:- philological (re-)examination of the sources according to the current state of research, i.e. new editions of central texts,- mythological examination of the sources using the methodology of mythological research as the study of Stoffe (hyleme analysis, hylistics) developed by the RU, in order to reconstruct the relevant myths (e.g. their variants), and - by analyzing the mythical strata - to gain advanced historical insights into myths that were transmitted over centuries, about the entities of the underworld and the spaces they inhabit, - by a comparative evaluation of myths about powerful entities and their domains, both within the same culture and trans-culturally across different ancient cultures (involving GR, KA, KM), with methodological support from the projects DH and KM, to throw into relief, and contrast, the specific needs addressed in the Mesopotamian myths and in the mythical figures associated with the underworld in their respective historical contexts and interpretive horizons, and to analyze them for possible typological or genetic relationships, - through transmedial comparisons, together with the other participating and associated projects, to identify specific differences of mythical Stoffe in textual, visual, and performative manifestations.Through the reconstruction of myths, their stratification, and transmedial comparative studies, AM will, within the collaborative RU 2064 STRATA framework, play its part in the concluding synthesis to establish a transmedial, comparative study of myths based on the analysis of mythical Stoffe and their stratifications.