Divinities and domains of the netherworld. Reconstruction, stratification and comparative analyses of mythical Stoffe from ancient Mesopotamia

美索不达米亚神话中关于从活人世界到地下世界的转变给学者们带来了复杂的挑战，正如我们在RU 2064的第一阶段所看到的那样。通过运用RU的理论框架和方法论，我们能够将神话中的斯托夫作为史诗《安加尔塔》和其他资料中交织在一起的地层的综合体来重建。在一些最早的神话来源上工作，项目AM能够在其整体上证明该方法的可行性。就内容而言，我们发现美索不达米亚传统虽然以对地下世界的邪恶描述为主，但也呈现出其他观点：重建的神话斯托夫包含了地下世界神的痕迹，以及以积极的方式出现的领域，例如，在地下世界中有一个区域为死者提供食物和饮料，或者从地下世界中检索到的神圣的力量工具，并将其带入生活世界。在第二阶段，AM将继续在关于强大实体及其在地下世界的领土的神话背景下追寻这些痕迹。这些神话涉及地下世界的女王Ereš-ki-gal，下级实体，如恶魔，守护者和摆渡人，以及他们居住在生者和死者之间的边界地区（门户，河流）。具体目标是：-根据研究现状对来源进行语言学（重新）检查，即中心文本的新版本，-使用神话研究方法对来源进行神话检查，如俄罗斯开发的斯托夫（诗韵分析，文学）研究，以便重建相关神话（例如其变体）；并且-通过分析神话阶层-获得对几个世纪以来传播的神话的高级历史见解，关于地下世界的实体及其居住的空间，-通过对同一文化和跨文化的不同古代文化（包括GR， KA， KM）的强大实体及其领域的神话进行比较评估，在DH和KM项目的方法支持下，进行relief和对比。在各自的历史背景和解释视野中，美索不达米亚神话和与地下世界相关的神话人物所解决的具体需求，并通过跨媒介比较，与其他参与和相关项目一起，分析它们可能的类型或遗传关系，以确定神话斯托夫在文本，视觉和表演表现方面的具体差异。通过对神话的重构、分层和跨媒介的比较研究，AM将在协作的RU 2064 STRATA框架内参与结论性综合，在对神话的斯托弗及其分层分析的基础上建立神话的跨媒介比较研究。

Mesopotamian myths about transitions from the sphere of the living into the underworld are providing scholars with complex challenges, as we have seen in phase 1 of the RU 2064. By utilizing the theoretical framework and the methodology of the RU, we have been able to reconstruct mythical Stoffe as a conglomerate of interwoven strata in the epic poem angalta and other sources. Working on some of the earliest mythical sources, project AM was able to demonstrate feasability of the method in its entirety.In terms of content we have found that the Mesopotamian tradition, although dominated by sinister descriptions of the underworld, also presents other perspectives: the reconstructed mythical Stoffe contain traces of underworld divinities and domains that appear in a positive light, e.g. an area inside the underworld where the dead are provided with food and drink, or numinous instruments of power that are retrieved from the underworld and brought into the world of the living.In phase 2, AM will continue to pursue these traces in the context of myths about powerful entities and their dominions in the underworld. These are myths involving the queen of the underworld Ereš-ki-gal, subordinate entities such as demons, guardians, and the ferryman, and the border regions they inhabit between the spheres of the living and the dead (gateways, rivers). The concrete aims are:- philological (re-)examination of the sources according to the current state of research, i.e. new editions of central texts,- mythological examination of the sources using the methodology of mythological research as the study of Stoffe (hyleme analysis, hylistics) developed by the RU, in order to reconstruct the relevant myths (e.g. their variants), and - by analyzing the mythical strata - to gain advanced historical insights into myths that were transmitted over centuries, about the entities of the underworld and the spaces they inhabit, - by a comparative evaluation of myths about powerful entities and their domains, both within the same culture and trans-culturally across different ancient cultures (involving GR, KA, KM), with methodological support from the projects DH and KM, to throw into relief, and contrast, the specific needs addressed in the Mesopotamian myths and in the mythical figures associated with the underworld in their respective historical contexts and interpretive horizons, and to analyze them for possible typological or genetic relationships, - through transmedial comparisons, together with the other participating and associated projects, to identify specific differences of mythical Stoffe in textual, visual, and performative manifestations.Through the reconstruction of myths, their stratification, and transmedial comparative studies, AM will, within the collaborative RU 2064 STRATA framework, play its part in the concluding synthesis to establish a transmedial, comparative study of myths based on the analysis of mythical Stoffe and their stratifications.