CRISP 2.0 Type 1: Collaborative Research: Economic Mechanisms for Grid Resilience Against Extreme Events and Natural Gas Disruptions

这个关键的弹性相互依赖的基础设施系统和过程（CRISP）项目旨在开发一种基于证据的，经济上合理和有效的方法，以提高美国电网的弹性，考虑到它们与天然气供应系统的相互依赖性。该项目开发了一种强大而全面的技术，以量化不同类型的行动和措施如何提高电网的弹性。基于统一现有弹性指标的危害函数，量化了各种网络管理选项的有效性。选项包括：改变电网结构，加固某些部件，扩大天然气输送和储存能力，或加强准备工作。该项目还研究了弹性投资的最佳组合。将使用新英格兰和波多黎各的案例研究对模型进行验证。这项研究遵循三个步骤的方法。在第一步中，研究人员开发了一个伤害函数，统一了现有的弹性指标。该函数被定义为网络中不同节点的停电时间的加权和。基于这一指标，可以严格量化提高电网弹性的措施。在第二步中，研究人员使用考虑天然气传输限制的电力市场均衡模型来优化弹性投资。在第三步中，通过检查美国东北部的天然气和电网测试系统来验证算法、模型和机制，重点是新英格兰地区;以及2）波多黎各的电力系统，其提供了在经历重大中断后的几乎完全重建的真实的系统中测试和验证所述方法的独特机会。该项目的结果将对关注长期投资的监管机构感兴趣，这些投资是有效的，并基于合理的经济原则和监管实践。在这个项目中开发的技术将帮助电力公司比较各种措施的有效性，并证明相应的运营和资本支出的监管机构。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This Critical Resilient Interdependent Infrastructure Systems and Processes (CRISP) project seeks to develop an evidence-based, economically sound and validated approach to enhancing the resilience of US electricity grids, accounting for their interdependence with the natural gas supply system. This project develops a robust and comprehensive technique to quantify how different types of actions and measures improve the resilience of an electric grid. Based on a harm function that unifies existing resilience metrics, the effectiveness of various network management options are quantified. Options include: changing the structure of the electric grid, hardening some components, expanding gas transmission and storage capacity, or boosting preparedness. This project also examines the optimal mix of resilience investments. Models will be validated using case studies in New England and Puerto Rico. This research is following a three step approach. In the first step, the researchers develop a harm function that unifies existing resilience metrics. This function is defined as the weighted sum of the outage time at different nodes of the network. Based on this metric, measures to improve the resilience of the grid can be rigorously quantified. In the second step, the researchers optimize resilience investments using equilibrium models of electricity markets that account for natural gas transmission constraints. In the third step, the algorithms, models and mechanisms are validated examining natural gas and grid test systems in the Northeastern U.S., with a focus on the New England region; and 2) the power system of Puerto Rico, which provides a unique opportunity to test and validate the methods in a real system undergoing an almost complete rebuild after a major disruption. The results of this project will be of interest to regulators concerned with long term investments in resilience that are effective and based on sound economic principles and regulatory practices. The techniques developed in this project will help electric utilities compare the effectiveness of various measures and justify the corresponding operating and capital expenditures to their regulators. The results will be disseminated through undergraduate and graduate infrastructure courses and workshops for utilities, ISOs and government agencies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.