RII Track-4 Biomass Burning Aerosols in the U.S. Southwest: Hygroscopic Properties from Emissions to Aging

美国西南部的 RII Track-4 生物质燃烧气溶胶：从排放到老化的吸湿特性

• 批准号: 1832813
• 负责人: Christian Carrico
• 金额: $ 19.68万
• 依托单位: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-10-01 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1832813&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RII; Track; Biomass; Burning; Aerosols

Nontechnical DescriptionWildland fire is an increasing global issue and particularly urgent in the western U.S. Due in part to continued increasing temperatures and drought in the nation, the average U.S. acreage burned in wildfires has increased by approximately a factor of 2 since the year 2000 in comparison with the time range of 1960-2000. Beyond tragic loss of life and property associated with extreme events of the past two decades, wildfire trends also prompt growing concerns with health impacts from biomass smoke. Notably, the high concentration of particulate matter, also known as aerosols is of particular concern for human health effects, atmospheric visibility impacts, and the planetary radiation budget. Smoke aerosols are highly diverse in terms of their size, chemical composition, shape and optical properties. This research examines these properties in laboratory combustion experiments using relevant fuels as well as ambient measurements of smoke aerosols. A particular focus is how these particles interact with atmospheric relative humidity, which changes these optical properties. In the end, parameters measured here are important to understanding the magnitude and extent of smoke impacts; these are also key inputs needed in computer models that predict smoke impacts on air quality and the climate system. The study under this fellowship will allow unparalleled opportunities for the career advancement of the PI and a student.Technical DescriptionBiomass burning aerosols increasingly degrade global air quality and remain poorly constrained with respect to climate effects. The Southwestern U.S. lacks detailed measurements of fundamental smoke properties for relevant fuels, for both endemic and invasive species. This project addresses these gaps with laboratory experiments on biomass burning emissions with a focus on aerosol water uptake, or hygroscopicity. The research focuses on laboratory aerosol measurements of biomass smoke?from emission to aging exploring the dynamics between aerosol hygroscopicity, optical properties, and chemical composition. Specific goals of this research are: (1) Explore the connection of aerosol hygroscopicity to fuels and soils, (2) Refine a new technique for measuring humidity dependence of aerosol light extinction using the Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift-Single Scattering Albedo (CAPS-SSA) method, (3) Use other advanced aerosol measurement techniques to describe a framework that drives smoke aerosol properties. An array of techniques will be employed to provide unique insights to biomass smoke microphysical properties. These include several contributed by New Mexico Tech (controlled RH nephelometry, multi-wavelength nephelometry, and a photoacoustic extinctiometer) that will be combined with resources at Los Alamos National Lab (LANL). The latter includes photoacoustic spectrometry, particle size distribution methods, and advanced aerosol techniques such as aerosol mass spectrometry and a photochemical aging reactor. A main collaborative task is the development of a new instrument, a humidified CAPS-SSA. In conjunction with traditional humidity controlled nephelometry, this will allow probing of the RH dependence of light absorption and SSA. The latter determines whether aerosols cause a net cooling or warming impact. This study also includes analysis of plants and soils to determine key drivers of hygroscopicity. Ultimately, the results enable development of a predictive framework of key aerosol properties from smoke, fuel, and soils composition, combustion properties and aging. Wildfire trends as well as the Southwest U.S. region's changing forest ecosystems, a hydrological connection, and scarce data in this region make this an important topic.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

野火是一个日益严重的全球性问题，在美国西部尤为紧迫。部分原因是美国气温持续升高和干旱，自2000年以来，美国野火烧毁的平均面积与1960 - 2000年相比增加了约2倍。 除了过去20年极端事件造成的生命和财产损失悲剧外，野火趋势还促使人们越来越关注生物质烟雾对健康的影响。 值得注意的是，高浓度的颗粒物质，也称为气溶胶，对人类健康的影响，大气能见度的影响和行星辐射收支特别令人担忧。 烟雾气溶胶在大小、化学成分、形状和光学特性方面具有高度多样性。 本研究在实验室燃烧实验中使用相关燃料以及烟雾气溶胶的环境测量来检查这些属性。 一个特别的焦点是这些颗粒如何与大气相对湿度相互作用，从而改变这些光学特性。 最后，这里测量的参数对于了解烟雾影响的大小和程度很重要;这些也是预测烟雾对空气质量和气候系统影响的计算机模型所需的关键输入。 该奖学金下的研究将为PI和学生的职业发展提供无与伦比的机会。技术说明燃烧生物质的气溶胶越来越多地降低全球空气质量，并在气候影响方面仍然受到很大的限制。美国西南部缺乏对相关燃料的基本烟雾特性的详细测量，无论是地方性物种还是入侵物种。 该项目通过对生物质燃烧排放物进行实验室实验来解决这些差距，重点是气溶胶吸水性或吸湿性。 研究的重点是实验室气溶胶测量生物质烟雾？从排放到老化，探索气溶胶吸湿性、光学特性和化学成分之间的动力学。本研究的具体目标是：（1）探索气溶胶吸湿性与燃料和土壤的联系，（2）改进一种新的技术，用于测量气溶胶消光的湿度依赖性，使用腔衰减相移-单散射反照率（CAPS-SSA）方法，（3）使用其他先进的气溶胶测量技术来描述驱动烟雾气溶胶特性的框架。 一系列的技术将被用来提供独特的见解，生物质烟雾微物理特性。 其中包括由新墨西哥州技术（受控RH浊度法，多波长浊度法和光声浊度计），将结合在洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室（LANL）的资源贡献几个。后者包括光声光谱法、粒度分布方法和先进的气溶胶技术，如气溶胶质谱法和光化学老化反应器。 一个主要的合作任务是开发一种新的仪器，一个加湿CAPS-SSA。结合传统的湿度控制比浊法，这将允许探测光吸收和SSA的RH依赖性。 后者决定了气溶胶是否会造成净冷却或变暖的影响。 这项研究还包括对植物和土壤的分析，以确定吸湿性的关键驱动因素。最终，研究结果使烟雾，燃料和土壤成分，燃烧性能和老化的关键气溶胶特性的预测框架的发展。 野火趋势以及美国西南部地区不断变化的森林生态系统、水文联系和该地区稀缺的数据使其成为一个重要的话题。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Mie Scattering Captures Observed Optical Properties of Ambient Biomass Burning Plumes Assuming Uniform Black, Brown, and Organic Carbon Mixtures

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jd031224
• 发表时间: 2019-11-06
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Chylek, Petr;Lee, James E.;Dubey, Manvendra K.
• 通讯作者: Dubey, Manvendra K.

Air Quality Impacts from Regional Fires: A Case Study of 28 November 2018 in Socorro, NM

区域火灾对空气质量的影响：2018 年 11 月 28 日新墨西哥州索科罗的案例研究

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of undergraduate research
• 作者: Karacaoglu, Jaimy;Carrico, Christian M.
• 通讯作者: Carrico, Christian M.

A Quantitative Method to Measure and Speciate Amines in Ambient Aerosol Samples

• DOI: 10.3390/atmos11080808
• 发表时间: 2020-07
• 期刊: Atmosphere
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: A. Sullivan;K. Benedict;C. Carrico;M. Dubey;B. Schichtel;J. Collett

Optical and Chemical Analysis of Absorption Enhancement by Mixed Carbonaceous Aerosols in the 2019 Woodbury, AZ, Fire Plume

2019 年亚利桑那州伍德伯里火羽流中混合碳质气溶胶增强吸收的光学和化学分析

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd032399
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Lee, James E.;Dubey, Manvendra K.;Aiken, Allison C.;Chylek, Petr;Carrico, Christian M.
• 通讯作者: Carrico, Christian M.