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Meteorological Controls on Dust Emission and Transport in a Closed Basin

密闭盆地扬尘及输送的气象控制

基本信息

批准号：
1833173
负责人：
Amato Evan
金额：
$ 59.9万
依托单位：
University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-01 至 2023-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1833173&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Meteorological Controls Dust Emission Transport

项目摘要

By mass, dust is the most pervasive aerosol in the Earth's atmosphere. Dust plays an important role in the Earth's weather and climate since mineral aerosols affect the hydrological cycle, oceanic and terrestrial nutrient budget, and radiative energy budget. A large fraction of the total atmospheric dust load is due to emission from closed topographic depressions (closed basins), yet little is known about the meteorological processes controlling dust emission from such topographic features. The project aims to address this gap in understanding by elucidating the meteorological controls on dust emission and transport in a closed basin via observational and numerical analysis of dust storms originating in the Salton Basin, a closed sub-sea level basin in extreme southeastern California that experiences frequent dust storms.Previous field studies have focused on elucidating the meteorological controls on dust emission and transport within the largest dust sources in the Sahara, yet the initial results presented here suggest that the meteorological processes fundamental to dust emission and transport in a closed basin are very different from those over the expansive source regions in the Sahara. This project will focus on the role of warm Foehn events on dust emission. The Salton Sea is the large shallow lake that fills the lowest portions of the Salton Basin, which was accidentally created in 1905 by engineers attempting to irrigate the Imperial Valley. New legislation enacted in 2017 is resulting in a massive reduction in freshwater input to the Salton Sea and it is expected that the level of the Salton will drop so much over the next decade that its surface area may shrink by 100 to 200 square miles. This project will also elucidate the effect of the drying of the Sea on the meteorological processes responsible for dust emission and estimate how the expanding dry playa will influence the total dust burden for the basin.The Broader Impacts of this research center on using the new scientific findings to inform policy and improve human health outcomes from exposure to airborne dust for the quarter-million people living and working in the affected area. Scientific results will be communicated with stakeholders via the state's Salton Sea Management Program (SSMP) in order to inform policy decisions, particularly in terms of those management activities aimed at reducing dust emission from the dry playa. Additionally, a forecast version of WRF-Chem will be developed and validated in order to provide 5-day forecasts of dust concentrations for the region. The main goal of these forecasts will be to afford vulnerable groups, health care providers and first responders an opportunity to mitigate adverse human health and safety risks associated with local dust storms. The Principal Investigator (PI) will work with the SSMP's Public Outreach Committee in order to reach relevant stakeholders and improve the utility of the forecast products.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

按质量计，尘埃是地球大气中最普遍的气溶胶。尘埃在地球的天气和气候中起着重要作用，因为矿物气溶胶影响水文循环、海洋和陆地营养收支以及辐射能量收支。大气总粉尘负荷的很大一部分是由于排放封闭的地形凹陷（封闭的盆地），但鲜为人知的是，气象过程控制粉尘排放从这样的地形特征。该项目旨在通过对索尔顿盆地产生的沙尘暴进行观测和数值分析，阐明封闭盆地中对沙尘排放和输送的气象控制，一个封闭的子-美国加州东南端的一个海平面盆地，经常发生沙尘暴。以前的野外研究集中于阐明最大沙尘暴中对沙尘排放和输送的气象控制虽然撒哈拉沙漠的沙尘暴来源不多，但这里提出的初步结果表明，封闭盆地中沙尘排放和运输的基本气象过程与撒哈拉沙漠广阔源区的气象过程非常不同。该项目将重点关注暖焚风事件对沙尘排放的作用。索尔顿海是一个大型浅水湖，充满了索尔顿盆地的最低部分，该盆地于1905年由试图灌溉帝国山谷的工程师意外创建。2017年颁布的新立法导致索尔顿海的淡水输入量大幅减少，预计索尔顿海的水位将在未来十年内大幅下降，其表面积可能会缩小100至200平方英里。该项目还将阐明海洋干燥对导致尘埃排放的气象过程的影响，并估计不断扩大的干盐湖将如何影响盆地的总尘埃负担。该研究中心利用新的科学发现为政策提供信息并改善本季度暴露于空气中尘埃的人类健康结果的更广泛影响-在受影响地区生活和工作的100万人。科学结果将通过该州的索尔顿海管理计划（SSMP）与利益相关者进行沟通，以便为政策决策提供信息，特别是在旨在减少干盐湖粉尘排放的管理活动方面。此外，还将开发和验证WRF-Chem的预报版本，以提供该地区粉尘浓度的5天预报。这些预报的主要目标是为弱势群体、卫生保健提供者和第一反应者提供一个机会，以减轻与当地沙尘暴相关的不利人类健康和安全风险。首席研究员（PI）将与SSMP的公共外展委员会合作，以接触相关利益相关者并提高预测产品的实用性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（6）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Characteristics of Dust Storms Generated by Trapped Waves in the Lee of Mountains

山地背风处陷波产生沙尘暴的特征

DOI：
10.1175/jas-d-22-0128.1
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Evan, Amato T.;Porter, William C.;Clemesha, Rachel;Kuwano, Alex;Frouin, Robert
通讯作者：
Frouin, Robert

On the Misclassification of Dust as Cloud at an AERONET Site in the Sonoran Desert

索诺兰沙漠 AERONET 站点将尘埃错误分类为云