RAPID: Fire severity, topoclimates and resilience of oak woodlands: Responses to the 2017 Northern California wildfires

RAPID：火灾严重程度、地形气候和橡树林地的恢复力：对 2017 年北加州野火的应对措施

• 批准号: 1835086
• 负责人: David Ackerly
• 金额: $ 15.83万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-15 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1835086&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Fire; severity; topoclimates; resilience

Forests are important components of our natural world. They create habitats for other plants and animals and provide important services, such as reducing soil erosion and storing carbon in their trunks and roots. In recent years, large wildfires have become increasingly common in California and the American West, due in part to increasingly hot summers and droughts. This study will examine how natural disturbances, such as wildfires, influence the way that forests change over time. If some kinds of trees recover more quickly than others, for example, the types of trees that make up these forests may change and this change could affect the forest's ability to withstand future disturbances. Results of this study will inform our ability to understand, conserve and manage forest habitats. This project will train a postdoctoral student and junior college students from diverse backgrounds. This project will also engage the public and local land managers through public workshops, a website, and other efforts by the Pepperwood Preserve.The interaction between environmental disturbances and a warming climate will play a critical role in the way that plant communities will respond and change in the coming decades. In woodlands and forests the longevity and fecundity of mature trees exert strong priority effects that limit the establishment of new species. This priority effect may slow the rate of changes in the structure and composition of the forest relative to what might be expected given rapid changes in local climatic conditions. The 2017 Tubbs Fire in Sonoma County, one of the most destructive complex of fires in California's history, provides an opportunity to explore how fire, as a disturbance, influences the rate and trajectory of community turnover. More specifically, this research will test the hypothesis that community turnover in forests associated with cooler positions (i.e. north-facing slopes) will be greatest following the fire, but that the resulting changes in species composition may make them more resistant to future fires or drought as the community shifts to species that are better able to tolerant such disturbances. The research will take place at the Pepperwood Preserve field station where long-term studies of forest ecology were initiated prior to the fire, providing a unique opportunity to quantify the mortality, top-kill and regrowth of trees of different species. About 8,000 individual plants, from small saplings to large trees, will be assessed to determine fire damage and recovery, and species turnover across different forest types and positions on the landscape.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

森林是我们自然世界的重要组成部分。它们为其他植物和动物创造栖息地，并提供重要的服务，如减少土壤侵蚀和将碳储存在树干和根部。近年来，大型野火在加州和美国西部越来越常见，部分原因是越来越炎热的夏天和干旱。这项研究将研究自然干扰，如野火，如何影响森林随时间变化的方式。例如，如果某些种类的树木比其他树木恢复得更快，那么构成这些森林的树木类型可能会发生变化，这种变化可能会影响森林抵御未来干扰的能力。这项研究的结果将有助于我们了解、保护和管理森林栖息地。该项目将培养一名博士后和来自不同背景的大专生。该项目还将通过公共研讨会、网站和胡椒木保护区的其他努力，吸引公众和当地土地管理者参与。环境干扰和气候变暖之间的相互作用将在未来几十年植物群落的应对和变化方式中发挥关键作用。在林地和森林中，成熟树木的寿命和繁殖力产生了强烈的优先效应，限制了新物种的建立。这种优先效应可能会减缓森林结构和组成的变化速度，相对于当地气候条件迅速变化可能预期的变化速度。索诺马县的2017年塔布斯火灾是加州历史上最具破坏性的火灾之一，它提供了一个探索火灾作为一种干扰如何影响社区营业额的速度和轨迹的机会。更具体地说，这项研究将测试的假设，即社区营业额在森林与较冷的位置（即朝北的斜坡）将是最大的火灾后，但由此产生的变化，物种组成可能会使他们更能抵抗未来的火灾或干旱的社区转移到物种，能够更好地容忍这种干扰。这项研究将在胡椒木保护区的野外工作站进行，在火灾发生前，对森林生态进行了长期研究，为量化不同物种树木的死亡率、灭顶和再生提供了一个独特的机会。将评估约8，000株植物，从小树苗到大树，以确定火灾损失和恢复，以及不同森林类型和景观位置的物种周转。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Mortality and Resprouting in California Oak Woodlands Following Mixed-Severity Wildfire

加利福尼亚州橡树林地不同严重程度的野火后的死亡率和重新发芽

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13554701
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: International oaks
• 作者: Ackerly, David D.;Kozanitas, Melina;Oldfather, Meagan;Papper, Prahlad;Clark, Matthew
• 通讯作者: Clark, Matthew