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Topography and forest dynamics

地形和森林动态

基本信息

批准号：
1754475
负责人：
David Ackerly
金额：
$ 54.97万
依托单位：
University of California-Berkeley
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-15 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754475&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Topography forest dynamics

项目摘要

The influences of climate, soil types and topography on the distributions of plant species, communities and vegetation types are topics of long-standing interest in ecology. These topics have taken on renewed urgency in the context of changing environmental conditions and their impacts on conservation priorities. The type of plants and forests found in an area is largely determined by the amount of rainfall the area receives, its average temperature and its associated soils. As the climate of an area changes, it is expected that the plants that make up a forest will change as it becomes more hospitable for some species and is no longer appropriate for the survival of others. This project uses a well-studied mountain system in coastal Northern California to examine how climate variability, extreme climate events, and changes in rainfall and temperature may influence the current and future structure of forests. The goal of this work is to determine which types of plant communities will undergo a more rapid change in the species that make up its members and which forests may be most resilient to change. This work will contribute to the conservation of forests through its work with a local nature preserve, as well as with resource management and conservation agencies. This project will train community college students in a forestry program and will facilitate their transfer to four-year Universities. Using well surveyed sites along a coastal mountain system, high resolution climate and vegetation layers, and species modeling approaches across large geographic ranges, this project examines the role that inter-annual climate variability, extreme events, and changing temperature and rainfall patterns have on current and future plant distribution patterns. The use of sites along north and south facing elevation gradients provides an opportunity to examine the relative effect of these changing environmental conditions on forests that vary in rainfall and temperature. This work will test the following three hypotheses to explain species turnover and changing distribution patterns: 1) the local refugia hypothesis which posits that cool/moist locations will buffer communities from changing climatic conditions, 2) the trailing/leading edge hypothesis which predicts that impacts will be greater in cool/moist locations, as these will be occupied by species that are approaching the edges of their climatic tolerances, and 3) the asymmetric propagule availability hypothesis which predicts that dispersal strategies associated with hot/dry and cool/moist areas will facilitate or limit the rate of change found in an area. This work addresses the critical linkages between individual species dynamics and community change in forest communities and will the inform how researchers and land managers understand the dynamic responses of ecosystems to rapid environmental change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

气候、土壤类型和地形对植物种类、群落和植被类型分布的影响是生态学长期关注的课题。在不断变化的环境条件及其对保护优先事项的影响的背景下，这些主题具有新的紧迫性。在一个地区发现的植物和森林的类型在很大程度上取决于该地区接收的降雨量，平均温度及其相关土壤。随着一个地区气候的变化，预计组成森林的植物将发生变化，因为它变得更适合某些物种的生存，而不再适合其他物种的生存。该项目使用了一个在沿海北方加州的山区系统，研究气候变异，极端气候事件，以及降雨量和温度的变化可能会影响目前和未来的森林结构。这项工作的目标是确定哪些类型的植物群落将经历组成其成员的物种的更快变化，以及哪些森林可能最能适应变化。这项工作将通过与当地自然保护区以及资源管理和养护机构合作，促进森林养护。该项目将培训社区学院学生的林业方案，并将促进他们转入四年制大学。利用沿着海岸山脉系统，高分辨率的气候和植被层，物种建模方法在大的地理范围内，该项目研究的作用，年际气候变化，极端事件，不断变化的温度和降雨模式对当前和未来的植物分布模式。利用沿着南北向的海拔梯度提供了一个机会，以审查这些不断变化的环境条件对降雨量和温度不同的森林的相对影响。这项工作将检验以下三个假设，以解释物种更替和不断变化的分布模式：1）当地避难所假说，假定凉爽/潮湿的地方将缓冲气候条件变化对群落的影响，2）后缘/前缘假说，预测凉爽/潮湿的地方的影响将更大，因为这些地方将被接近其气候耐受力边缘的物种占据，3）不对称繁殖体有效性假说，该假说预测与热/干和冷/湿地区相关的传播策略将促进或限制在一个地区发现的变化率。这项工作解决了森林群落中个体物种动态和群落变化之间的关键联系，并将告知研究人员和土地管理者如何理解生态系统对快速环境变化的动态反应。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。