Impact of Aerosol and Boundary-Layer Interactions on the Development of Convective Clouds

气溶胶通过气溶胶-边界层相互作用（API）、气溶胶-辐射相互作用（ARI）和气溶胶-云相互作用（ACI）强烈影响行星边界层（PBL）的热力学和对流云从浅边界层云到深对流云的发展。虽然个别的影响已经知道，很少有人做了解释他们的联合效应在整个过程中的对流过程。充分理解和解释这些联合效应是气候和天气应用的关键。智力成果：本项目将开展以下研究：-验证和应用新的研究产品;-量化气溶胶引起的辐射加热和与云凝结和冻结有关的潜热释放的变化;-从其联合影响的角度更深入地了解API、ARI和ACI的影响;- 增强了模拟边界层和对流云过程的各种复杂过程的能力。天气和气候模式在降雨模拟中存在系统性偏差，无论是在与对流云相关的量级还是时间上：往往高估和低估的轻和大雨，分别。 虽然气溶胶对边界层、浅边界层云和深对流云的发展的个别影响已经得到解决，但这里的系统研究可能会减轻（如果不能解决）这个问题。该研究还有助于通过考虑气溶胶和PBL之间的反馈以及恶劣天气事件来理解和预测空气污染。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估而被认为值得支持。

Aerosols strongly affect the thermodynamics of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the development of convective clouds from shallow boundary-layer clouds to deep convective clouds via aerosol-PBL interactions (API), aerosol-radiation interactions (ARI), and aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). While the individual effects have been known, little has been done to account for their joint effects during the complete course of a convective process. Fully understanding and accounting for these joint effects is key for both climate and weather applications. Intellectual Merit:The following research will be carried out in this project:- Validation and application of novel research products;- Quantification of aerosol-induced changes in radiative heating and latent heat release associated with cloud condensation and freezing;- Gaining deeper insights into the effects of API, ARI, and ACI from the perspective of their joint influences;- Enhanced capability in simulating the various complex processes of boundary-layer and convective-cloud processes.Broader Impacts:Weather and climate models have systematic biases in rainfall simulations both in magnitude and timing associated with convective clouds: often overestimation and underestimation of light and heavy rainfall, respectively. While the individual impacts of aerosols on the development of PBL, shallow boundary-layer clouds, and deep convective clouds have been tackled, a systematic study here is likely to lessen, if not solve, the problem. The study is also helpful in understanding and forecasting air pollution by accounting for the feedback between aerosols and the PBL, and severe weather events.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.