Impact of Aerosol and Boundary-Layer Interactions on the Development of Convective Clouds

气溶胶通过气溶胶-边界层相互作用（API）、气溶胶-辐射相互作用（ARI）和气溶胶-云相互作用（ACI）强烈影响行星边界层（PBL）的热力学和对流云从浅边界层向深对流云的发展。虽然个别的影响是已知的，但在对流过程的整个过程中，对它们的共同影响的解释却很少。充分理解和考虑这些联合效应是气候和天气应用的关键。智力价值：本项目将开展以下研究：-新颖研究产品的验证和应用；-量化气溶胶引起的与云凝结和冻结有关的辐射加热和潜热释放的变化；-从空气污染指数、急性呼吸道感染指数和急性呼吸道感染指数的共同影响角度，深入了解它们的影响；-增强了模拟边界层和对流云过程各种复杂过程的能力。更广泛的影响：天气和气候模式在与对流云相关的降雨量级和时间模拟方面存在系统性偏差：通常分别高估和低估小雨和暴雨。虽然气溶胶对PBL、浅边界层云和深对流云发展的个别影响已经得到了解决，但这里的系统研究即使不能解决问题，也可能减轻这个问题。该研究还有助于通过考虑气溶胶与PBL之间的反馈以及恶劣天气事件来理解和预测空气污染。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Aerosols strongly affect the thermodynamics of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the development of convective clouds from shallow boundary-layer clouds to deep convective clouds via aerosol-PBL interactions (API), aerosol-radiation interactions (ARI), and aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). While the individual effects have been known, little has been done to account for their joint effects during the complete course of a convective process. Fully understanding and accounting for these joint effects is key for both climate and weather applications. Intellectual Merit:The following research will be carried out in this project:- Validation and application of novel research products;- Quantification of aerosol-induced changes in radiative heating and latent heat release associated with cloud condensation and freezing;- Gaining deeper insights into the effects of API, ARI, and ACI from the perspective of their joint influences;- Enhanced capability in simulating the various complex processes of boundary-layer and convective-cloud processes.Broader Impacts:Weather and climate models have systematic biases in rainfall simulations both in magnitude and timing associated with convective clouds: often overestimation and underestimation of light and heavy rainfall, respectively. While the individual impacts of aerosols on the development of PBL, shallow boundary-layer clouds, and deep convective clouds have been tackled, a systematic study here is likely to lessen, if not solve, the problem. The study is also helpful in understanding and forecasting air pollution by accounting for the feedback between aerosols and the PBL, and severe weather events.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.