CHS: EAGER: Handling Online Risks and Creating Safe Spaces: Content Moderation in Live Streaming Micro Communities

CHS：EAGER：处理在线风险并创建安全空间：直播微社区中的内容审核

• 批准号: 1841354
• 负责人: Donghee Yvette Wohn
• 金额: $ 21.47万
• 依托单位: New Jersey Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1841354&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; EAGER; Handling; Online; Risks

This research will investigate how individuals and small groups handle content moderation real time in the context of live streaming, from both technical and social perspectives, distinguishing between professional content creators who create content for a living, and hobbyists. Live streaming services such as Twitch are the latest form of social media that marries user-generated content with the traditional concept of live television broadcasting: as someone broadcasts, viewers can post comments in a chat interface that is displayed alongside the broadcast, creating an interactive synchronous media experience. This real-time interaction, however, makes the platform ripe for deviant behavior, as potential harassers can visually see the immediate impact of their harsh words on the person who is broadcasting. Most current forms of social media rely on crowdsourced methods of moderation, where users report bad content that is ultimately reviewed by a human moderator. This does not work well in the context of real-time moderation, posing greater social and technological challenges. This project will study approaches to improving understanding of the sociotechnical aspects of content moderation from the perspective of micro communities on live streaming platforms. By understanding how streamers currently moderate audiences through manual and automated labor, the research will identify opportunities for technology to assist and enhance the moderation process and provide guidelines for sustainable and scalable moderation. Exploration of different governance structures of moderation may also yield insights into alternative models of moderation for the future of social media and understanding of how different moderation practices may influence the evolution of positive and negative norms in micro communities. Because live streaming is such a new phenomenon, presenting novel technical and social challenges, exploratory research is required before any serious attempt to solve its problems through technology design. This research agenda will advance knowledge about how moderation influences the development of social norms in micro communities from a qualitative perspective, laying the groundwork for future large-scale empirical studies, experiments, and development of useful artificial intelligence tools. The research will be able to identify the breadth of methods that are employed in the practice of moderation that will yield a comprehensive framework of understanding the conceptual functions of moderation by building a taxonomy of moderation, and develop a common language for both academics and practitioners that enables mapping between problems and potential design solutions. Moreover, through ethnographic work, the research will provide descriptive knowledge of this new form of social media that results in novel research questions unique to this particular technology. This research will inform design of moderation tools and practices that could impact millions of people who publish content online and yet even more people who view that content. By focusing on the individual producer, rather than the corporation running the system, as the center of their own system, the findings may be able to empower a new era of Internet activity in which individuals and small groups have more agency over what happens online.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究将从技术和社会两个角度，调查个人和小团体如何在直播的背景下实时处理内容审核，区分以创建内容为生的专业内容创作者和业余爱好者。Twitch等直播服务是最新形式的社交媒体，它将用户生成的内容与传统的电视直播概念结合在一起：当某人进行广播时，观众可以在与广播同时显示的聊天界面中发表评论，创造一种互动的同步媒体体验。然而，这种实时互动使该平台的越轨行为变得成熟，因为潜在的骚扰者可以直观地看到他们的刺耳言辞对正在播送的人的直接影响。目前大多数形式的社交媒体依赖于众包的审核方法，即用户报告不良内容，最终由人类版主进行审查。这在实时温和的背景下效果不佳，带来了更大的社会和技术挑战。这个项目将从直播平台上的微型社区的角度来研究如何提高对内容审核的社会技术方面的理解。通过了解Streamers目前如何通过手动和自动劳动来调节受众，研究将确定技术帮助和增强调节过程的机会，并为可持续和可扩展的调节提供指导。对节制的不同治理结构的探索也可能为社交媒体的未来带来对节制的替代模式的洞察，并理解不同的节制做法可能如何影响微型社区中积极和消极规范的演变。由于直播是一种新现象，提出了新的技术和社会挑战，因此在认真尝试通过技术设计解决其问题之前，需要进行探索性研究。这项研究议程将从定性的角度推进对适度如何影响微型社区社会规范发展的认识，为未来大规模的实证研究、实验和有用的人工智能工具的开发奠定基础。这项研究将能够确定在适度实践中使用的方法的广度，这些方法将通过建立适度分类来产生一个全面的框架来理解适度的概念功能，并为学者和实践者开发一种共同语言，使问题和潜在的设计解决方案之间能够映射。此外，通过人种学工作，研究将提供关于这种新形式的社交媒体的描述性知识，这种新形式的社交媒体导致了这种特定技术独有的新颖研究问题。这项研究将为审查工具和做法的设计提供信息，这些工具和做法可能会影响数百万在网上发布内容的人，甚至会影响更多观看该内容的人。通过关注个人制作人，而不是运营系统的公司，作为他们自己系统的中心，这些发现可能能够推动一个新的互联网活动时代，在这个时代，个人和小团体对在线发生的事情有更多的代理权。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Twitch Users' Motivations and Practices During Community Mental Health Discussions

Twitch 用户在社区心理健康讨论中的动机和实践

• DOI: 10.1145/3492824
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
• 作者: Uttarapong, Jirassaya;LaMastra, Nina;Gandhi, Reesha;Lee, Yu-hao;Yuan, Chien Wen;Wohn, Donghee Yvette
• 通讯作者: Wohn, Donghee Yvette

Harassment Experiences of Women and LGBTQ Live Streamers and How They Handled Negativity

女性和 LGBTQ 直播主的骚扰经历以及她们如何处理负面情绪

• DOI: 10.1145/3452918.3458794
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: IMX '21: ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences
• 作者: Uttarapong, Jirassaya;Cai, Jie;Wohn, Donghee Yvette
• 通讯作者: Wohn, Donghee Yvette

Beyond fans: The relational labor and communication practices of creators on Patreon

超越粉丝：Patreon 上创作者的关系劳动和沟通实践

• DOI: 10.1177/14614448211027961
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: New Media & Society
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Bonifacio, Ross;Hair, Lee;Wohn, Donghee Yvette
• 通讯作者: Wohn, Donghee Yvette

Digital Patronage Platforms

数字赞助平台

• DOI: 10.1145/3406865.3418332
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Conference Companion Publication of the 2020 on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing
• 作者: Bonifacio, Ross;Wohn, Donghee Yvette
• 通讯作者: Wohn, Donghee Yvette

Commercial Versus Volunteer: Comparing User Perceptions of Toxicity and Transparency in Content Moderation Across Social Media Platforms

• DOI: 10.3389/fhumd.2021.626409
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 作者: C. Cook;Aashka Patel;D. Y. Wohn