CAREER: Trust, Cooperation, and Collective Action in Diverse Communities

职业生涯：不同社区中的信任、合作和集体行动

• 批准号: 1845177
• 负责人: Maria Abascal
• 金额: $ 44.75万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1845177&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Trust; Cooperation; Collective; Action

This project will investigate how people view and respond to racial/ethnic diversity in their communities. An underlying premise is that people may respond to diversity differently depending the specific racial/ethnic groups that make up that diversity. The first part of the project will examine how people from different racial/ethnic backgrounds define diversity, followed by distinguishing heterogeneity from the share of non-Whites in a community. The second part asks whether and how people learn from past cross-racial interactions and become trusting toward strangers from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. The third part of this project studies neighborhoods in a large urban city where diversity functions well, i.e., where neighbors have repeatedly organized to achieve common goals, despite racial/ethnic differences between them. In this phase of the research, the project investigates the mechanisms, such as information sharing and sanctioning, that successfully promote cooperation between people from different backgrounds. The project will create a research practicum for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students that will focus on experimental research methods. The project will also continue and expand upon an ongoing initiative that has created an experimental design workshop. This workshop brings together experimental social scientists from across the university to exchange ideas and receive feedback on original experimental research. A final educational initiative will involve a weeklong summer school on the topic of experiments in the social sciences, which will be open to Ph.D. students from several local universities. The project will provide insights useful in formulating and implementing policies such as those concerning affirmative action, immigration and residential integration.This project will first clarify the meaning of diversity and the burden-of-proof for documenting the effects of diversity. Second, it will analyze how members of racial/ethnic minority groups, not just Whites, react to diversity. Third, it will bring innovative experimental methods to bear on questions of longstanding sociological interest. To shed light on understandings of diversity, the first part of this project relies on a conjoint experiment with a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, including strategic oversamples of non-Whites. A second part involves a public goods game where participants are assigned to heterogeneous groups, homogeneously White groups, or homogeneously non-White groups. The goal is to understand how people respond not just to diversity, but also to the share of specific racial/ethnic groups. The third part involves recruiting White and non-White residents of diverse and homogeneous urban neighborhoods. These participants will participate in an online survey with behavioral game components. The behavioral games capture altruism, trust, and cooperativeness toward both in-group and out-group members. They also allow the researcher to address social desirability bias, to observe real-stakes behavior, to disentangle micro-level motivations and mechanisms, and to clarify the scope conditions around hypotheses. Taken together, this project will bring clarity to the growing but inconclusive social scientific literature on racial/ethnic diversity, both by informing theories of diversity and by producing new empirical findings regarding intergroup relations in diverse communities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将调查人们如何看待和回应他们所在社区的种族/民族多样性。一个基本的前提是，人们对多样性的反应可能不同，这取决于构成这种多样性的特定种族/民族群体。该项目的第一部分将研究来自不同种族/民族背景的人如何定义多样性，然后区分异质性和社区中非白人的份额。第二部分询问人们是否以及如何从过去的跨种族互动中吸取教训，并对来自不同种族/民族背景的陌生人变得信任。该项目的第三部分研究了大城市中多样性发挥良好作用的社区，即邻居们反复组织起来实现共同目标，尽管他们之间存在种族/民族差异。在这一阶段的研究中，该项目调查了信息共享和制裁等机制，这些机制成功地促进了不同背景的人之间的合作。该项目将为高级本科生和研究生创建一个专注于实验研究方法的研究实践。该项目还将在一项正在进行的倡议的基础上继续进行和扩大，该倡议已经创建了一个实验性设计研讨会。这个研讨会汇集了来自全校的实验社会科学家，交流想法并接受对原创实验研究的反馈。最后一项教育举措将包括为期一周的以社会科学实验为主题的暑期班，将向当地几所大学的博士生开放。该项目将为制定和执行有关扶持行动、移民和居民融合的政策提供有益的见解。该项目将首先阐明多样性的含义和记录多样性影响的举证责任。其次，它将分析种族/少数民族群体的成员，而不仅仅是白人，对多样性的反应。第三，它将带来创新的实验方法，与长期存在的社会学兴趣问题有关。为了阐明对多样性的理解，该项目的第一部分依赖于与具有全国代表性的美国成年人样本的联合实验，其中包括战略性的非白人样本。第二部分涉及公共物品博弈，参与者被分配到不同的组，同质的白人组，或同质的非白人组。目标是了解人们不仅对多样性，而且对特定种族/民族群体的份额如何反应。第三部分涉及招募不同和同质的城市社区的白人和非白人居民。这些参与者将参与一项包含行为游戏组件的在线调查。行为游戏捕捉到了对组内和组外成员的利他主义、信任和合作精神。它们还允许研究者解决社会期望偏差，观察真实的利害关系行为，理清微观层面的动机和机制，并澄清假设周围的范围条件。综上所述，这个项目将通过告知多样性理论和产生关于不同社区中群体间关系的新的实证结果，使关于种族/民族多样性的不断增长但没有定论的社会科学文献变得清晰。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。