Social Trust and Confidence: A Dual Mode Model of Cooperation in Risk Management

我们相信其他人会从合作中获益。 在商业世界中，信任支持企业间的联盟、对组织变革的接受、知识的转移等等。 在公共生活中，信任是选举候选人和支持政府举措的基础。在私人生活中，信任指导着病人、医生和医疗机构之间的关系。 鉴于信任对我们生活的这种明确而普遍的重要性，它成为不断增长的研究活动的焦点也就不足为奇了。 我们项目的目标是在环境风险管理的应用背景下测试社会信任的新模型。 我们的模型与其他模型的不同之处在于，我们明确区分了社会信任和信心，它们是独立的，但相互作用的，是通往合作的道路。 社会信任是基于对价值观或意图的判断;信心是基于对过去表现的判断。 社会信任与不确定性和风险有关;当信心丧失时，社会信任是必要的。 信心是事务的常态，有时当表现被判定为糟糕时，信心就会丧失，但通过建立社会信任，信心是可以恢复的。 社会信任是稳定状态之间的桥梁，具有主导性和控制性的过度自信。 我们的模型对风险管理实践有明确的实际意义：尝试就绩效进行沟通（即，风险管理）的前提是建立社会信任关系。 信任关系的状态制约着绩效信息的解释。 在不信任的状态下，假定良好的性能信息被打折扣，不会导致信心。 类似地，在信任状态下，可能表现不佳的信息不会导致信心的丧失。 根据我们的模型，社会信任是有弹性的，它可以帮助我们对自己的生活充满信心;它可以是进步的，也可以是保守的。我们的研究项目将提供一个测试这个模型的社会信任和信心的风险管理，提高我们的理解，movingus更接近的目标，利用社会信任，以改善我们的生活。

We trust others to gain the benefits of cooperation. In the businessworld, trust supports interfirm alliances, acceptance of organizationalchange, the transfer of knowledge, and more. In public life, trustunderlies voting for candidates and support for government initiatives. In private life, trust guides relations among patients, physicians, andmedical organizations. Given this clear, pervasive importance of trustto our lives, it is not surprising that it has become the focus of agrowing body of research activity. The goal of our project is to test anew model of social trust within the applied context of environmentalrisk management. Our model differs from others by clearlydistinguishing social trust from confidence as separate, butinteracting, paths to cooperation. Social trust is based on judgmentsof values or intentions; confidence is based on judgments of pastperformance. Social trust is associated with uncertainty and risk; itis required when confidence fails. Confidence is the normal state ofaffairs, sometimes lost when performance is judged to be bad, butrestorable through the establishment of social trust. Social trust is abridge between steady states; it has primacy and control overconfidence. Our model has clear, practical implications for thepractice of risk management: attempts to communicate about performance(i.e., the management of risk) should be preceded by the establishmentof social trust relations. The state of trust relations conditions theinterpretation of performance information. In a state of distrust,presumably good performance information is discounted and does not leadto confidence. Similarly, in a state of trust, presumably badperformance information does not lead to the loss of confidence. Socialtrust, according to our model, is resilient, and helps us to remainconfident in the lives we lead; it can be progressive or conservative. Our research project will provide a test of this model of social trustand confidence in risk management, improving our understanding, movingus closer to the goal of using social trust to improve our lives.