Doctoral Dissertation Research: Reproducing Difference in Biomedicine: The Case of Sex as a Biological Variable

博士论文研究：再现生物医学的差异：性别作为生物变量的案例

• 批准号: 1849234
• 负责人: Joan Fujimura
• 金额: $ 1.06万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-01 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1849234&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Reproducing; Difference

This project examines how biological differences are reproduced through the regulation of inclusion in biomedicine by considering how sex is reproduced as binary, biological, and distinct from gender at an institutional level. It does so by examining the emergence of a new policy mandate of the US National Institutes of Health. Called 'Sex as a Biological Variable,' these policies require the inclusion of equal numbers of male and female cells and animals in all pre-clinical research funded by the NIH. While scholars have shown that the production of biological knowledge is shaped by the assumptions of scientific researchers, far less is known about the role of government agencies and regulatory processes in reproducing certain forms of biological difference. Using archival data and other textual materials, as well as interviews with stakeholders, this project examines the processes by which the NIH developed policies mandating the examination of sex differences in basic and pre-clinical research. The overall aim is to show how particular accounts of sex and gender become institutionalized through regulation and rule-making. This is a multi-method investigation into the ways in which embodied difference, knowledge, institutions, and rule-making serve to produce sex and gender as distinct categories of personhood. The specific case study underlying this investigation is a new policy mandate at the US National Institutes of Health that requires the inclusion of equal numbers of male and female cells and animals in all pre-clinical research funded by the NIH. The project synthesizes data from archives, public policy documents, and interviews with stakeholders to understand how biological difference comes to be constructed as an object of scientific and medical inquiry that is knowable by certain experts who are granted legitimacy as knowledge-producers, while other accounts are denied institutional support. In doing so it advances literature in science and technology studies on the intersection of gender roles and regulatory interventions and on the influence of gender ideology on the work of scientific researchers and medical practitioners. Overall, the project seeks to explain how certain forms of difference come to be presumed biological and privileged as such within research policy and to examine how actors and organizations located outside of the NIH influence or attempt to influence such policies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目研究了如何通过考虑如何将性别复制为二元，生物学和与性别在制度层面上的性别不同，从而通过调节生物医学的包容来复制生物学差异。它通过研究美国国立卫生研究院的新政策任务的出现来做到这一点。这些政策被称为“性别为生物变量”，要求将同等数量的男性和女性细胞和动物纳入由NIH资助的所有临床前研究中。尽管学者表明，生物学知识的产生是由科学研究人员的假设塑造的，但对政府机构和监管过程在重现某些形式的生物学差异中的作用众所周知。使用档案数据和其他文本材料以及与利益相关者的访谈，该项目研究了NIH制定的政策，要求检查基本和临床前研究中的性别差异。总体目的是展示有关性别和性别的特定说明是如何通过监管和规则制定来制度化的。这是对体现差异，知识，制度和规则制定的方式的多方法调查，以产生性别和性别作为不同的人格类别。该调查的基本案例研究是美国国立卫生研究院的一项新政策授权，要求在NIH资助的所有临床前研究中包括同等数量的男性和女性细胞和动物。该项目综合了来自档案，公共政策文件和与利益相关者的访谈的数据，以了解如何将生物学差异作为科学和医学询问的对象构建，这些对象被某些被授予合法性作为知识生产者的专家所知，而其他账户则否认了机构支持。这样一来，它就可以在科学和技术研究中进行有关性别角色和监管干预措施的交集以及性别意识形态对科学研究人员和医学从业者工作的影响的文献。总体而言，该项目试图解释如何在研究政策中推定某些形式的生物学和特权，并研究如何在NIH影响力或试图影响此类政策之外的参与者和组织。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估该基金会的知识绩效和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务，并被视为值得的支持。