Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Role of Transportation in Complex Society Organization

在菲尔德博物馆教授瑞安威廉姆斯的指导下，大卫A。里德博士伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校的候选人，与秘鲁的同事一起，将调查道路基础设施在扩张国家政治经济中的作用及其对边境社区的影响。该项目的重点是帝国扩张和巩固与长途通信，旅行和商业网络之间的关系，其中道路和驿站基础设施是直接管道。随着时间的推移，流动路线不断被重复使用，考古学学科很好地理解了基础设施的变化如何与更广泛的社会经济和政治变化在长时间尺度上的关系。扩张性国家以何种方式依赖当地知识来吸收和发展基础设施网络？国家中心和边疆社会之间更大的经济联系如何有助于意识形态和社会认同的变化？随着现代旅行和通信网络的日益加速和连接，研究人员将研究区域间连通性的深层根源以及基础设施在国家建设过程中的作用。该项目有助于对来自美国和秘鲁的本科生和研究生进行专业培训。这项研究的结果将通过用西班牙语和英语发表的文章、会议文件和社区外联活动来分享。里德和他的研究小组将研究道路，包括作为休息站和交换场所的地点，是如何由外部国家代理人和当地社区实施的。这项研究将在阿雷基帕的马杰斯山谷进行，该山谷是安第斯高地和秘鲁南部沿海山谷之间的一条主要交通走廊。这个地区是秘鲁第一个帝国的重要边境：瓦里人，在中地平线时期（约公元前200年），他们的物质文化和习俗遍布秘鲁的大部分地区。公元600-1000年）。研究人员将分析从四个大篷车中转站遗址的挖掘中恢复的考古材料，这些遗址表明这一道路网络的当地和瓦里基础。将采用各种材料和方法，包括材料来源分析，以了解陶瓷和黑曜石等贸易商品的运动，植物学分析，以重建过去的食物通道，以及C14测年，以了解驿站系统的年表和发展。在公路中途站，包括瓦里神庙在内的仪式空间的存在也让我们了解到宗教和仪式在国家扩张过程中的作用。因此，该项目考察了道路基础设施和相关场所如何促进当地社区的经济交流、仪式实践和社会政治融入国家项目的过程。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Under the direction of Field Museum Professor Ryan Williams, David A. Reid, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Illinois at Chicago, along with colleagues in Peru, will investigate the role of road infrastructure in the political economy of expansionary states and its impact on borderland communities. This project focuses on the relationship between imperial expansion and consolidation and the networks of long-distance communication, travel, and commerce, of which road and waystation infrastructure were the direct conduits. As mobility routes are consistently reused over time, the discipline of archaeology is well positioned to understand how changes in infrastructure relate to broader socio-economic and political shifts on long time-scales. In what ways do expansionary states rely on local knowledge to coopt and develop networks of infrastructure? How does greater economic connectivity between a state center and borderland societies contribute to changes in ideology and social identity? As modern networks of travel and communication become increasingly accelerated and connected, the researchers will investigate the deep roots of interregional connectivity and the role of infrastructure in the processes of state-building. This project contributes to the professional training of undergraduate and graduate students from both the United States and Peru. Results of this research will be shared through articles published in both Spanish and English, conference papers, and through community outreach activities. Reid and his research team will examine how roads, including sites that served as rest stops and places of exchange, were implemented by both outside state agents and local communities. This research will be conducted in the Majes Valley of Arequipa, a key corridor of travel between the Andean highlands and Peru's southern coastal valleys. This region was an important borderland of Peru's first empire: the Wari whose material culture and customs spread across much of Peru during the Middle Horizon (ca. AD 600-1000). The researchers will analyze archaeological materials recovered from excavations of four caravan waystation sites that indicate both a local and Wari foundation for this road network. A diverse set of materials and methods will be employed, including material provenance analyses to understand the movement of trade goods such as ceramics and obsidian, botanical analysis to reconstruct past foodways, and C14 dating to understand the chronology and development of the waystation system. The presence of ritual spaces, including a Wari temple, at the road waystation sites also inform us on the role of religion and ritual in processes of state expansion. Consequently, this project examines how road infrastructure and associated sites facilitate processes of economic exchange, ritual practice, and socio-political integration of local communities into projects of the state.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.