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Understanding intraspecific variation in plant defense across resource gradients

了解跨资源梯度植物防御的种内变异

基本信息

批准号：
1901552
负责人：
John Maron
金额：
$ 73.59万
依托单位：
University of Montana
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1901552&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Understanding intraspecific variation plant defense

项目摘要

Plants defend themselves from hungry animals by putting poisons in their leaves and thorns on their branches. There are many other ways they protect themselves, too. Ecologists have wondered for a long time why different species of plants adopt very different strategies of protection. Why wouldn't there be one best way? Even different individuals of the same species defend themselves differently. Thus, a major challenge in ecology is to figure out the causes and consequences of differences in plant defense. One idea is that plants in places where they can't grow fast, can invest more energy in defense. In contrast, plants in places with lots of water and nutrients can grow and reproduce quickly -- life is good, so they don't need as much defense. Scientists with this project will test that idea. They will look at how different individuals of the same species may change their strategies of defense when grown in stressful areas and areas of plenty. They will test how well the defenses work by measuring how tasty the plants are to insects. Results may reveal new strategies for protection of farm crops from insect pests. The researchers will involve high school and college students in the project, training them how to do science. Also, the public will be engaged through various natural history and conservation programs.This project involves reciprocally transplanting six co-occurring native grassland plant species from populations replicated within eight high- and eight low-resource environments into common gardens located in each region. Resources (rainfall) will also be manipulated in a common garden located in the low-resource region to evaluate the extent to which responses of plant growth and defense to abiotic factors are plastic. Herbivore abundance and the impacts of herbivores on plant fitness (accessed via insect-reduction experiments) will be quantified within populations containing the focal species across the two resource regions. Collectively, these experiments will evaluate how the resource environment influences: 1) growth and defense (both tolerance and resistance) evolution and plasticity within species; 2) positive growth and defense correlations across populations, and 3) insect herbivore abundance and the impacts of herbivory on plant fitness. Ultimately, the multispecies approach employed will help to reconcile the different growth-defense relationships often observed among vs. within species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物通过在叶子上放毒物、在树枝上放荆棘来保护自己免受饥饿动物的侵害。他们还有许多其他方式保护自己。生态学家长期以来一直想知道为什么不同种类的植物采取截然不同的保护策略。为什么没有一种最好的方法呢？即使是同一物种的不同个体，也会以不同的方式保护自己。因此，生态学的一个主要挑战是找出植物防御差异的原因和后果。一种想法是，植物在无法快速生长的地方可以投入更多的能量进行防御。相比之下，有大量水分和养分的地方的植物可以快速生长和繁殖——生命是美好的，所以它们不需要那么多的防御。这个项目的科学家将测试这个想法。他们将研究同一物种的不同个体在压力地区和富裕地区生长时如何改变其防御策略。他们将通过测量植物对昆虫的美味程度来测试防御的效果。结果可能揭示保护农作物免受害虫侵害的新策略。研究人员将让高中生和大学生参与该项目，培训他们如何进行科学研究。此外，公众还将参与各种自然历史和保护计划。该项目涉及将八个高资源环境和八个低资源环境中复制的种群中的六种共存的本土草原植物物种相互移植到每个地区的公共花园中。资源（降雨）也将在位于资源匮乏地区的公共花园中进行控制，以评估植物生长和对非生物因素的防御反应的可塑性程度。草食动物的丰度和草食动物对植物适应性的影响（通过昆虫减少实验获得）将在两个资源区域包含焦点物种的种群内进行量化。总的来说，这些实验将评估资源环境如何影响：1）物种内的生长和防御（耐受性和抗性）进化和可塑性； 2）不同种群之间的生长和防御呈正相关，3）昆虫食草动物丰度以及食草动物对植物适应性的影响。最终，所采用的多物种方法将有助于协调物种间和物种内经常观察到的不同生长防御关系。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。