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Understanding intraspecific variation in plant defense across resource gradients

了解跨资源梯度植物防御的种内变异

基本信息

批准号：
1901552
负责人：
John Maron
金额：
$ 73.59万
依托单位：
University of Montana
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1901552&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Understanding intraspecific variation plant defense

项目摘要

Plants defend themselves from hungry animals by putting poisons in their leaves and thorns on their branches. There are many other ways they protect themselves, too. Ecologists have wondered for a long time why different species of plants adopt very different strategies of protection. Why wouldn't there be one best way? Even different individuals of the same species defend themselves differently. Thus, a major challenge in ecology is to figure out the causes and consequences of differences in plant defense. One idea is that plants in places where they can't grow fast, can invest more energy in defense. In contrast, plants in places with lots of water and nutrients can grow and reproduce quickly -- life is good, so they don't need as much defense. Scientists with this project will test that idea. They will look at how different individuals of the same species may change their strategies of defense when grown in stressful areas and areas of plenty. They will test how well the defenses work by measuring how tasty the plants are to insects. Results may reveal new strategies for protection of farm crops from insect pests. The researchers will involve high school and college students in the project, training them how to do science. Also, the public will be engaged through various natural history and conservation programs.This project involves reciprocally transplanting six co-occurring native grassland plant species from populations replicated within eight high- and eight low-resource environments into common gardens located in each region. Resources (rainfall) will also be manipulated in a common garden located in the low-resource region to evaluate the extent to which responses of plant growth and defense to abiotic factors are plastic. Herbivore abundance and the impacts of herbivores on plant fitness (accessed via insect-reduction experiments) will be quantified within populations containing the focal species across the two resource regions. Collectively, these experiments will evaluate how the resource environment influences: 1) growth and defense (both tolerance and resistance) evolution and plasticity within species; 2) positive growth and defense correlations across populations, and 3) insect herbivore abundance and the impacts of herbivory on plant fitness. Ultimately, the multispecies approach employed will help to reconcile the different growth-defense relationships often observed among vs. within species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物通过在叶子里放毒药，在树枝上放刺来保护自己不受饥饿动物的伤害。他们也有很多其他的方法来保护自己。长期以来，生态学家一直想知道为什么不同种类的植物采取截然不同的保护策略。为什么没有一个最好的办法？即使是同一物种的不同个体也会以不同的方式保护自己。因此，生态学的一个主要挑战是找出植物防御差异的原因和后果。一个想法是，植物在不能快速生长的地方，可以投入更多的能量来防御。相比之下，在水和营养丰富的地方，植物可以快速生长和繁殖-生活很好，所以它们不需要太多的防御。这个项目的科学家将测试这个想法。他们将研究同一物种的不同个体在压力大的地区和丰富的地区生长时如何改变他们的防御策略。他们将通过测量植物对昆虫的美味程度来测试防御的效果。研究结果可能揭示保护农作物免受虫害的新策略。研究人员将让高中生和大学生参与该项目，培训他们如何做科学。此外，公众将参与各种自然历史和保护计划。该项目包括将来自8个高资源环境和8个低资源环境的6种共存的原生草原植物物种移植到每个地区的共同花园中。资源（降雨）也将被操纵在一个共同的花园位于低资源地区，以评估在何种程度上植物生长和防御非生物因素的反应是塑料。食草动物丰度和食草动物对植物适应性的影响（通过昆虫减少实验获得）将在两个资源区包含重点物种的种群内进行量化。总的来说，这些实验将评估资源环境如何影响：1）物种内的生长和防御（包括耐受性和抗性）进化和可塑性; 2）种群间的正生长和防御相关性; 3）昆虫食草动物丰度和食草动物对植物适应性的影响。最终，采用的多物种方法将有助于协调不同的生长-防御关系，经常观察到之间与物种内。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。