RAPID: Assessment of coastal & offshore change due to Hurricane Florence: Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina

RAPID：沿海评估

• 批准号: 1903157
• 负责人: Joni Backstrom
• 金额: $ 1.83万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Wilmington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-11-15 至 2019-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1903157&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Assessment; coastal; & offshore

Hurricanes that make landfall at low-lying coastal regions, such as barrier-islands like those on the Outer Banks of the US southeast coast, are known to cause significant impacts on the coastline and installed infrastructure within reach of higher and more forceful than normal waves and the tidal surge. Storm impacts can range from minor beach and dune erosion to complete coastal devastation (as seen, for example, with Hurricane Matthew in 2016 and with Hurricane Michael in 2018 that came ashore at Mexico Beach, FL). Abundant scientific research has documented the serious impacts these storms have on beaches and other subaerially exposed parts of the coastline. However, much less is known about the role the offshore region, extending seaward from beaches, plays in coastal response and resilience. This research helps fill this gap by using shipboard marine geophysical surveys and other techniques to map the seabed in coastal waters offshore Wrightsville Beach that lies just east of Wilmington, North Carolina and is near where Hurricane Florence made landfall. Wrightsville Beach is associated with recreational areas and commercial and residential buildings. Goals of the work are to document changes in seabed bathymetry, geomorphology, and sediment distribution resulting from Hurricane Florence out to water depths of ~10 meters. The resulting data will be used to try and determine why effects on beaches, even at locations on the same beach that are closely spaced, can be very different. Broader impacts of the work include student training and providing information to coastal managers, local policy makers, and the public about the link between strong storms, like hurricanes, and beaches and the offshore region. This project seeks to understand what role the offshore region at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, which was close to the center of Hurricane Florence's landfall, played in the highly variable beach erosion observed at three locations. A range of shipboard marine survey techniques that include a combination of single-beam bathymetry, side scan sonar, and seabed grab sampling techniques, will be used to characterize the three locations. These new data will be compared to pre-Florence beach elevation data and off shore surveys and will be augmented by Hurricane Florence-induced wind and wave data that are publicly accessible from local offshore buoys. These data will be used to test, validate, and compare with predictions obtained from the SWAN numerical hydrodynamic model developed by the Delft coastal group in The Netherlands. If good correlations can be found between the data/observations and model output, similar methods could be adopted and employed by coastal scientists and managers elsewhere to better assess potential risk areas and mitigation strategies for hurricane strikes at other barrier island locations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在低洼沿海地区登陆的飓风，例如美国东南海岸外滩的屏障岛，已知会对海岸线和安装的基础设施造成重大影响，这些基础设施比正常波浪和潮汐更高，更强。风暴的影响范围从轻微的海滩和沙丘侵蚀到完全的海岸破坏（例如，2016年的飓风马修和2018年的飓风迈克尔在佛罗里达州墨西哥海滩登陆）。大量的科学研究记录了这些风暴对海滩和海岸线其他暴露在空气下的部分的严重影响。然而，人们对从海滩向海延伸的近海区域在沿海反应和复原力方面所起的作用知之甚少。这项研究通过使用船上海洋地球物理调查和其他技术来绘制赖茨维尔海滩近海沿海沃茨水域的海底地图，有助于填补这一空白，赖茨维尔海滩位于北卡罗来纳州威尔明顿以东，靠近飓风的位置。佛罗伦萨登陆。Wrightsville海滩与娱乐区、商业和住宅建筑有关。这项工作的目标是记录飓风佛罗伦萨造成的海底水深、地貌和沉积物分布的变化，水深约为10米。由此产生的数据将用于尝试和确定为什么对海滩的影响，即使是在同一海滩上相隔很近的位置，也会非常不同。这项工作的更广泛影响包括学生培训，并向沿海管理人员、当地政策制定者和公众提供有关飓风等强风暴与海滩和近海地区之间联系的信息。该项目旨在了解北卡罗来纳州赖茨维尔海滩的近海区域在三个地点观察到的高度可变的海滩侵蚀中发挥了什么作用。赖茨维尔海滩靠近飓风佛罗伦萨登陆的中心。将使用一系列船上海洋测量技术，包括单波束测深、侧扫声纳和海底抓斗取样技术，来确定这三个地点的特征。这些新数据将与佛罗伦萨前的海滩高程数据和离岸海岸调查进行比较，并将通过当地海上浮标公开获取的飓风佛罗伦萨引起的风浪数据进行补充。这些数据将用于测试、验证，并与荷兰德尔夫特沿海小组开发的SWAN数值水动力模型的预测结果进行比较。如果在数据/观测值和模型输出之间可以找到良好的相关性，类似的方法可以被其他地方的海岸科学家和管理人员采用和使用，以更好地评估潜在的风险区域和其他屏障岛屿位置的飓风袭击的缓解策略。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。