LEAP-HI: Compounding Risk Assessment and Mitigation Options for Building Infrastructure Experiencing Coastal Flooding-Related Saltwater Deterioration and Seismic Hazard

这项由美国繁荣、健康和基础设施（LEAP-HI）资助的研究项目将研究沿海洪水、海水恶化和地震运动如何综合影响建筑物。这些危害如何相互作用的知识将用于评估提高公共安全和生活质量的选择。目前的地震风险预测只考虑原始状态的建筑物。然而，由于风暴潮、涨潮和海平面上升，美国地震多发地区的许多建筑物也面临沿海洪水的风险，所有这些因素都因气候变化而加剧。这些建筑物可能因与海水接触而变质，在地震来袭时处于脆弱状态。生活在这些地区的社区需要得到支持，以衡量海水退化和地震的复合风险，并确定有效的缓解办法。调查结果将指导设计师、建筑业主、保险公司、城市官员和应急人员做好灾害准备和应对；为建筑设计、维修、改造和维护政策提供信息；并将提高公众对沿海洪水的长期影响和地震易发地区减灾方案的认识。考虑到沿海洪水恶化的影响，这项研究将导致对地震破坏或建筑物倒塌概率的现实预测。它将产生一个框架，可以(1)通过多灾害和结构响应建模模拟相互关联的灾害影响，(2)使用概率方法量化结构和社区尺度上地震破坏风险的增加，(3)进行情景分析以调查减灾战略，(4)分析影响保护行动决策的社会文化因素。(5)向公众和利益相关者传达海水退化和地震活动的综合风险，以提高危害意识和降低风险。最终的框架将在测试台上进行演示，以吸引社区成员和利益相关者。研究方法包括海岸水动力和波浪模型、腐蚀模型、原始和腐蚀样品的结构测试、钢筋混凝土和钢结构原型的准静态和动态响应分析、腐蚀建筑的地震易损性函数、有和没有减灾的社区风险评估、构建保护行动决策模型。这项研究将汇集多个学科的知识，包括海岸工程、材料科学、结构和地震工程、风险评估、社区恢复力、文化人类学、风险感知和灾害外展。它将启发和奠定基础，开展与基础设施的长期健康和抵御多种灾害能力有关的综合研究。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This Leading Engineering for America's Prosperity, Health, and Infrastructure (LEAP-HI) funded research project will examine how the combined effects of coastal flooding, saltwater deterioration, and earthquake motion impact buildings. Knowledge of how these hazards interact will be used to evaluate options for enhancing public safety and quality of life. Current seismic risk predictions only consider buildings in their pristine states. However, many buildings in earthquake prone regions of the United States are also at risk of coastal flooding due to storm surge, high tide and rising sea levels, all factors that are being exacerbated by climate change. These buildings may deteriorate from contact with saltwater and be in a weakened state when earthquakes strike. Communities living in these areas need support measuring the compounding risk of saltwater deterioration and earthquakes and with identifying effective mitigation options. The findings will guide designers, building owners, insurers, city officials, and emergency responders in hazard preparedness and response; will inform building design, repair, retrofit, and maintenance policies; and will raise public awareness of the long-term impacts of coastal flooding and mitigation options in earthquake prone areas.This research will lead to realistic predictions of seismic damage or collapse probability of buildings, considering the impacts of deterioration from coastal flooding. It will result in a framework that can (1) simulate interconnected hazard impacts through multi-hazard and structural response modeling, (2) use probabilistic methods to quantify the increase in seismic damage risk at structure- and community-scales, (3) perform scenario analyses to investigate mitigation strategies, (4) analyze socio-cultural factors that shape protective action decision making, and (5) communicate the combined risk of saltwater deterioration and seismicity to the public and stakeholders for hazard awareness and risk reduction. The resulting framework will be demonstrated on test beds to engage community members and stakeholders. Research methods include coastal hydrodynamic and wave modeling, corrosion modeling, structural testing of pristine and corroded specimens, quasi-static and dynamic response analyses of reinforced concrete and steel building archetypes, creating seismic fragility functions of corroded buildings, community risk assessment with and without mitigation, and constructing protective action decision models. The research will converge knowledge from multiple disciplines, including coastal engineering, material science, structural and earthquake engineering, risk assessment, community resilience, cultural anthropology, risk perception, and disaster outreach. It will inspire and lay the groundwork for convergent research related to long-term health and resilience of infrastructure to multiple hazards.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.