Collaborative Research: Multi-century hydrologic and NAO variability in the tropical Western Atlantic - A Marine NAO Synthesis

合作研究：热带西大西洋的多世纪水文和 NAO 变化 - 海洋 NAO 综合

• 批准号: 1903385
• 负责人: Konrad Hughen
• 金额: $ 23.28万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1903385&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Multi; century; hydrologic

Understanding climate variability in the North Atlantic region is critical to society in the Eastern United States, Western Europe and beyond. In particular, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), an atmospheric pressure system that alters sea surface temperatures, influences land temperature, drought, and storm tracks across the dense population centers of the US and Europe. While we can now measure the NAO each year, little is known about its longer-term behavior, or how its behavior may change in the future. This project will generate records of past climate change using corals from the island of Tobago in the southern Caribbean Sea, a region especially sensitive to the effects of the NAO. Drill cores of giant brain corals will be taken using SCUBA, and chemical analysis of the cores will be used to generate monthly histories of temperature, salinity and rainfall that extend back over the past several centuries. These climate records will provide insights into the temporal and spatial patterns of tropical Atlantic climate variability, particularly the large-scale processes associated with the NAO. This international collaboration will support a graduate student from The University of Trinidad and Tobago to travel to AMNH and WHOI for mentorship and training in coral x-ray and geochemical analysis. The project also includes active participation in the educational and outreach programs at both AMNH and WHOI, including the Hall of Planet Earth, among the top five halls chosen by AMNH visitors and school groups.This project will contribute directly to NSF's Paleo Perspectives on Climate Change (P2C2) goals by generating high resolution (monthly), multi-century long records of the hydrologic properties in the southern Caribbean Sea, including sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and local river runoff. The study will result in collection of two multi-century coral drill cores from northeastern Tobago, and subsequently the construction of paleoclimate records that resolve the full seasonal cycle, critical for identifying signatures of regional forcing such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Strontium-calcium (Sr/Ca) ratios will be used to reconstruct SST, and oxygen isotope (del18O) ratios together with Sr/Ca will be used to reconstruct SSS. Finally, barium-calcium (Ba/Ca) ratios will yield records of terrestrial input and river runoff. This investigation will target Siderastrea and Colpophyllia coral species previously shown to faithfully record climatic variables with skeletal geochemical proxies. A winter-season SST reconstruction from this sensitive site will capture long-term NAO variability, and comparison with existing records of the NAO and SST from the Atlantic and Red Sea will allow investigation of regional coherence and changes in the spatial stationarity of the marine NAO signal over the past few centuries.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解北大西洋地区的气候变异性对于美国东欧，西欧及其他地区的社会至关重要。 特别是，北大西洋振荡（NAO）是一种大气压力系统，可改变海面温度，影响美国和欧洲密集的人口中心的土地温度，干旱和风暴轨迹。 虽然我们现在每年都可以衡量NAO，但对其长期行为或其行为可能如何变化知之甚少。 该项目将使用来自南部加勒比海的多巴哥岛的珊瑚产生过去气候变化的记录，该地区对NAO的影响特别敏感。 将使用Scuba进行巨型脑核心的钻芯，并将对核心进行化学分析，以生成每月的温度，盐度和降雨史，在过去的几个世纪中延伸。 这些气候记录将提供有关热带大西洋气候变化的时间和空间模式的见解，尤其是与NAO相关的大规模过程。 这项国际合作将支持来自特立尼达和多巴哥大学的研究生，前往AMNH，并在Whoi中进行珊瑚X射线和地球化学分析的指导和培训。 该项目还包括积极参与AMNH和WHOI的教育和宣传计划，包括地球之堂，包括AMNH访客和学校组选择的前五名大厅。该项目将直接为NSF的古老气候变化（P2C2）目标（P2C2）目标直接贡献，该项目通过为高分辨率（每月）的跨国公司（Multie Care）介绍了水列的综合属性，该项目包括水列的高度记录，该属性是水列的综合属性，其远处是水列的综合属性，该杂物均具有远处的综合属性。 （SST），海面盐度（SSS）和当地河流径流。 这项研究将导致收集来自东北多巴哥的两个多世纪核心钻芯，并随后构建解决整个季节性周期的古气候记录，对于确定北大西洋振荡等区域强迫的特征至关重要。将使用锶 - 钙（SR/CA）比重建SST，氧同位素（DEL18O）与SR/CA一起用于重建SSS。 最后，钡钙（BA/CA）比率将产生陆地投入和河流径流的记录。 这项研究将针对先前显示的Siderastrea和Colpophyllia珊瑚种类，以忠实地记录具有骨骼地球化学代理的气候变量。 该敏感地点的冬季季节SST重建将捕获长期的NAO可变性，并与大西洋和红海的NAO和SST的现有记录进行比较，将允许调查区域连贯性以及海上NAO信号的空间固定性的变化在过去的几个世纪中，该奖项在过去的几个世纪中均反映了NSF的Inforthorial Worthertional of Suttional the Intervantial Worthert of STURTIAN的构建，并具有法定的构建，并具有法定的构建。影响审查标准。