Influence of experience and migratory distance on the variation of the realised and endogenous migration behaviour

经验和迁移距离对实现迁移行为和内源迁移行为变化的影响

• 批准号: 237654588
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Heiko Schmaljohann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften (IBU)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/237654588?language=en
• 关键词: Influence; experience; migratory; distance; variation

Juvenile nocturnally migrating songbirds travel thousands of kilometres to their wintering areas independently of conspecifics. To arrive at the spot and in time, their innate migration program defines birds spatiotemporal organisation of migration and their reaction norm to environmental factors. Tracking the first migration at a high spatiotemporal resolution indicates how the endogenously controlled migration program guides birds through space and time, whereas adults migration is influenced by their experience. With an increasing migration distance the strength of stabilizing (directional) selection is supposed to increase towards an accurate timing for reproduction especially in the Arctic. The main aims are to investigate the realised migration behaviour of free-flying naïve and experienced birds indicating the genetic basis of migration and whether the variation of the innate migration behaviour decreases with increasing migration distance and consequently increased stabilizing (directional) selection pressure.The Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) has one of the largest ranges of any songbird in the world, breeding from eastern Canada across Greenland, Eurasia and into Alaska. As all populations winter in sub-Saharan Africa, migration distance varies between populations. Their movements can be tracked in a high spatiotemporal resolution by light-level geolocators. Methods drawback, i.e., no information about latitude around equinoxes, is minimized in the Alaskan population due to its large longitudinal migratory component allowing precise temporal information about stopover and flight stages. This enables studying possible age differences in the orientation performance, spatiotemporal migration strategy and reaction norms to varying environments. In addition to Alaskan birds (migration distance: 14000 km), German wheatears (4000 km) will be studied also by light-level geolocation. As the usage of light-level geolocators requires re-trapping; only returning birds can be considered. To study coherently the importance of the innate migration program on the realization of migration, we need considering migration behaviour of free-flying individuals in combination with the variation of the endogenous components (fuel deposition, migratory restlessness) in naïve birds of different populations by common-garden experiments. Here we will consider additionally birds from Morocco (1500 km), Norway (5000 km) and Island (6000 km). As migration distance might be equivalent with strength of the natural selection pressure experienced during travelling, this study will show how natural selection affected the variation of the innate migratory traits. The problem of considering only returning birds will be overcome with the ICARUS-Project in the near future allowing remote sensing of small organisms. A future perspective is studying the individual repeatability and consistency of the migration behaviour of initially naïve individuals over years.

幼年的候鸟迁徙到数千公里外的越冬地，不受同种鸟的影响。为了及时到达目的地，它们的先天迁徙程序定义了鸟类迁徙的时空组织和它们对环境因素的反应规范。以高时空分辨率跟踪第一次迁移表明内源性控制的迁移程序如何引导鸟类通过空间和时间，而成年人的迁移受他们的经验。随着迁移距离的增加，稳定（定向）选择的强度应该增加到一个准确的时间繁殖，特别是在北极。主要目的是调查自由飞行的天真和有经验的鸟类的实际迁移行为，表明迁移的遗传基础，以及先天迁移行为的变化是否随着迁移距离的增加而减少，从而增加稳定性（定向）选择压力。北方小麦水芹（Oenanthe oenanthe）是世界上最大的鸣禽之一，从加拿大东部跨越格陵兰岛，欧亚大陆和阿拉斯加繁殖。由于所有种群都在撒哈拉以南非洲过冬，因此种群之间的迁徙距离各不相同。它们的移动可以通过光级地理定位器以高时空分辨率进行跟踪。方法的缺点，即，没有关于春分点附近纬度的信息，在阿拉斯加种群中被最小化，因为它的大的纵向迁移成分允许关于中途停留和飞行阶段的精确的时间信息。这使得研究可能的年龄差异的方向性能，时空迁移策略和反应规范，以不同的环境。除了阿拉斯加鸟类（迁移距离：14000公里），德国小麦（4000公里）也将通过光级地理定位进行研究。由于使用轻型地理定位器需要重新诱捕，因此只能考虑返回的鸟类。为了连贯地研究先天迁徙程序对迁徙实现的重要性，我们需要结合不同种群的原生鸟类内源成分（燃料沉积、迁徙躁动）的变化，通过共同的花园实验来考虑自由飞行个体的迁徙行为。在这里，我们将考虑额外的鸟类从摩洛哥（1500公里），挪威（5000公里）和岛屿（6000公里）。由于迁徙距离可能与迁徙过程中经历的自然选择压力的强度相当，因此本研究将展示自然选择如何影响先天迁徙性状的变化。在不久的将来，ICARUS项目将克服只考虑返回的鸟类的问题，从而可以对小型生物进行遥感。未来的观点是研究最初天真的个体多年来迁移行为的个体可重复性和一致性。

项目成果

Proximate causes of avian protandry differ between subspecies with contrasting migration challenges

鸟类先祖性亚种差异的直接原因与对比的迁徙挑战

• DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv160
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Behavioral Ecology
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Schmaljohann;Bairlein;van Oosten;Morbey;Åkesson;Buchmann;Chernetsov;Desaever;Elliott;Hellström;Liechti;López;Middleton;Ottosson;Eikenaar
• 通讯作者: Eikenaar