Observations to Constrain the Origins of Hot Gas Between Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies Across Cosmic Time

这个项目解决了为什么星系在我们宇宙的历史中看起来是这样的问题。它将专注于星系周围的热/热气体，并为它们提供形成新恒星的燃料。对于星系内部加热和改变周围气体的物理过程，目前的理论认识还不完全。该项目将测量这些气体在大爆炸遗留光子上的印记，这将为这些过程的物理学提供新的关键信息。该项目还将在两个农业企业儿童发展中心开展一个试点项目，以激发学龄前儿童对天文学的兴趣。ABCD项目为父母双方都从事农业的低收入家庭提供全面的幼儿教育。该项目将利用大规模结构调查和宇宙微波背景（CMB）实验的相互关联测量来约束星系中的反馈过程。反馈过程在星系形成和演化理论中起着重要的作用。它们被认为调节星系中的恒星形成，并影响我们宇宙中物质的大规模分布。反馈的一个重要方面还没有被很好地理解，那就是它对星系周围的热/热电离气体储层的影响，即环星系介质（CGM），它为星系提供新的或回收的物质来形成新一代的恒星。该项目利用对CMB附加波动的观测（特别是Sunyaev-Zeldovich效应）来探测CGM的热力学历史，并提供反馈在星系形成和演化中的作用的基本信息。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project addresses the question of why galaxies look the way they do throughout the history of our universe. It will focus on the warm/hot gas that surrounds galaxies and provides them with fuel to form new stars. There is only incomplete theoretical understanding of the physical processes within galaxies that heat and alter this surrounding gas. This project will measure the imprint of this gas on leftover photons from the big bang which will provide new and critical information on the physics of these processes. This project will also run a pilot program to spark the interests of preschoolers in astronomy at two Agri-Business Child Development (ABCD) centers. The ABCD program offers comprehensive early childhood education to low-income families where both parents are agriculturally employed. This project will constrain feedback processes in galaxies using cross-correlation measurements from large-scale structure surveys and cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. Feedback processes play an important role in theories of galaxy formation and evolution. They are thought to regulate star formation in galaxies and affect the large-scale distribution of matter in our universe. An essential aspect of feedback not well understood is its impact on the reservoirs of warm/hot ionized gas that surrounds galaxies, the circumgalactic medium (CGM), which provides galaxies with new or recycled material to form new generations of stars. This project uses observations of additional fluctuations in the CMB (specifically the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effects) to probe the thermodynamic history of the CGM and provide essential information on the role of feedback in galaxy formation and evolution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.