Toward a Cryogenic Interferometer for Gravitational-Wave Detection

用于引力波探测的低温干涉仪

• 批准号: 1912677
• 负责人: Rana Adhikari
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1912677&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Toward; Cryogenic; Interferometer; Gravitational; Wave

This award supports the development of instrumentation for future gravitational wave detectors and it addresses the priority areas of NSF's "Windows on the Universe" Big Idea. The goal of this project is to make a big leap in gravitational-wave (GW) and measurement science. Gravitational-waves are the newest way to make observations about the universe. They provide the best information about the extremely warped space and time around black holes, exotic neutron stars, and, within the next decade, a unique probe of the expansion of the universe over the last several billion years. Gravitational-waves can be thought of as the audio soundtrack to the movie of the cosmos that humanity has been watching for many years with our telescopes. To measure gravitational-waves, scientists have developed the most sensitive vibration measurement technology in history. The work proposed here aims to push beyond the usual measurement limits of quantum physics and molecular vibrations and produce a novel way of making even more sensitive measurements. In addition to the improvement in astrophysical sensitivity, such measurement science breakthroughs can be used to dramatically improve sensors in hand-held devices and consumer products. Gravitational-wave detectors provide the best information about the extremely warped spacetime around black holes, exotic nuclear matter in neutron stars, and, within the next decade, a unique probe of cosmology at high redshifts. The current LIGO detectors will approach the thermodynamic and quantum mechanical limits of their designs within a few years. This project will develop high precision techniques to extend the astrophysical reach by a factor of 5. To do so, Brownian thermal noise will be suppressed by a novel combination of cryogenics and materials science. Quantum backaction and squeezed light will be exploited to surpass the usual quantum limits of interferometry. Such a dramatic change in the sensitivity should increase the detection rate of binary neutron star mergers to ~10/day and the rate of binary black hole mergers to ~30/day. This upgraded instrument would be able to detect binary black holes out to a redshift of 8.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持未来引力波探测器的仪器开发，并解决了NSF“宇宙之窗”大构想的优先领域。该项目的目标是在引力波（GW）和测量科学方面取得重大飞跃。引力波是观测宇宙的最新方法。它们提供了关于黑洞周围极端扭曲的空间和时间的最佳信息，奇异的中子星，以及在未来十年内对过去几十亿年宇宙膨胀的独特探测。引力波可以被认为是人类用望远镜观察了多年的宇宙电影的音频配乐。为了测量引力波，科学家们开发了有史以来最灵敏的振动测量技术。这里提出的工作旨在超越量子物理和分子振动的常规测量极限，并产生一种新的方法来进行更灵敏的测量。除了提高天体物理灵敏度之外，这种测量科学的突破还可以用于大幅改进手持设备和消费产品中的传感器。引力波探测器提供了关于黑洞周围极度扭曲的时空的最佳信息，中子星中奇异的核物质，以及在未来十年内对高红移宇宙学的独特探测。目前的LIGO探测器将在几年内接近其设计的热力学和量子力学极限。该项目将开发高精度技术，将天体物理的覆盖范围扩大5倍。为了做到这一点，布朗热噪声将被低温学和材料科学的新组合所抑制。量子反作用力和压缩光将被利用来超越通常的干涉测量的量子极限。如此巨大的灵敏度变化将使双中子星并合的探测率提高到~10次/天，双黑洞并合的探测率提高到~30次/天。这种升级后的仪器将能够探测到红移为8的双黑洞。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Using silicon disk resonators to measure mechanical losses caused by an electric field

使用硅盘谐振器测量电场引起的机械损耗

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0076311
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Review of Scientific Instruments
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Klochkov, Y. Yu.;Prokhorov, L. G.;Matiushechkina, M. S.;Adhikari, R. X.;Mitrofanov, V. P.
• 通讯作者: Mitrofanov, V. P.