Windows on the Universe: Nuclear Astrophysics at the NSCL

宇宙之窗：NSCL 的核天体物理学

• 批准号: 1913554
• 负责人: Artemisia Spyrou
• 金额: $ 550万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1913554&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Windows; Universe; Nuclear; Astrophysics; NSCL

The nuclear astrophysics group at the National Superconducting Cyclotron (NSCL) will use their experimental facilities to address long-standing questions about the origin of the elements in the Universe. The goal is to restage, in the laboratory, the same nuclear reactions that produce new elements in nova and supernova explosions, merging neutron stars, accreting neutron stars, the Big Bang, and other extreme astrophysical environments. The interacting atomic nuclei are unstable and need to be artificially produced at the NSCL rare isotope facility. Experiments can then be carried out, where the relevant isotopes are produced and detected within fractions of a second. The nuclear data will be used in computer simulations of stars that are then confronted with multi-messenger astronomical observations using light, gamma rays, gravitational waves and neutrinos from various astrophysical sites. In the era of multi-messenger astronomy the interpretation of astronomical observations using light, gamma-rays, gravitational waves, and neutrinos requires an understanding of the nuclear processes that create these messengers. The NSCL group proposes to continue their experimental nuclear astrophysics program and other facilities to provide this important nuclear physics data. They will carry out a synergistic and interconnected experimental program using stable and rare isotope beams that employs a wide variety of existing experimental equipment, and continued development of key experimental capabilities. The experiments either measure astrophysical reactions directly (as they occur in nova and supernova explosions, neutron star mergers, accreting neutron stars, and other astrophysical sites) or provide indirect constraints on the reactions. Interpreting multi-messenger observations with accurate nuclear physics measurements obtained in this program will open a new window on the universe providing insight into element synthesis and nuclear matter in extreme astrophysical environments. This provides the opportunity to address long standing questions in nuclear science identified in the NP2010 National Academy study and the nuclear science long rage plan, including the questions we aim to address here; Where do the chemical elements come from, and how did they evolve? How does structure arise in the universe and how is it related to the emergence of the elements in stars and explosive processes? What is the nature of matter at extreme temperatures and densities? and "What is dark matter". These questions will be addressed by advancing our knowledge of stellar nuclear processes through laboratory experiments in close collaboration with nuclear theorists and astrophysicists. This group will perform experiments providing new data on proton capture in Novae, X-ray bursts, and Supernovae. They will measure a range of nuclear properties needed to understand the synthesis of heavy elements by rapid and intermediate neutron capture, study weak interactions in supernovae and neutron stars, and search for new nuclear decay modes that may shed light on element synthesis in the Big Bang. Broader Impacts: The proposed program of studies at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics will attract a diverse group of undergraduate students, graduate students and postdocs to nuclear science by taking advantage of the compelling science of the NSF Big Idea "Windows on the Universe". Students and postdocs will receive interdisciplinary training by taking advantage of the synergistic connections available at MSU with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), the MSU Astronomy group, and the new MSU Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering. This will help prepare the students and postdocs for successful nuclear careers in academia, industry and the US national laboratories.To further increase interest in STEM careers in general, and nuclear-science careers specifically, especially among women and minorities, the PI team will expand the very successful annual Nuclear Science Summer School at NSCL. The School provides undergraduate students access to nuclear science education that is not available at their home institutions and takes advantage of the compelling science in this proposal to attract and educate students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

国家超导回旋加速器(NSCL)的核天体物理学小组将利用他们的实验设备来解决关于宇宙中元素起源的长期问题。目标是在实验室中重演在新星和超新星爆炸、合并中子星、吸积中子星、大爆炸和其他极端天体物理环境中产生新元素的相同核反应。相互作用的原子核是不稳定的，需要在NSCL稀有同位素设施中人工生产。然后可以进行实验，在几分之一秒内产生并检测到相关的同位素。核数据将用于恒星的计算机模拟，然后使用来自不同天体物理地点的光、伽马射线、引力波和中微子进行多信使天文观测。在多信使天文学的时代，使用光、伽马射线、引力波和中微子解释天文观测需要了解产生这些信使的核过程。NSCL小组建议继续他们的实验核天体物理计划和其他设施，以提供这一重要的核物理数据。他们将使用稳定和稀有的同位素束，利用各种现有的实验设备，开展协同和互联的实验计划，并继续发展关键的实验能力。这些实验要么直接测量天体物理反应(当它们发生在新星和超新星爆炸、中子星合并、吸积中子星和其他天体物理地点时)，要么间接限制反应。用本计划中获得的精确核物理测量来解释多信使观测将打开宇宙的新窗口，提供对极端天体物理环境中的元素合成和核物质的洞察。这提供了机会来解决在NP2010国家科学院研究和核科学长期愤怒计划中确定的长期存在的核科学问题，包括我们在这里要解决的问题；化学元素来自哪里，它们是如何演化的？宇宙中的结构是如何产生的，它与恒星中元素的出现和爆炸过程有什么关系？在极端温度和密度下物质的性质是什么？以及“什么是暗物质”。这些问题将通过与核理论家和天体物理学家密切合作，通过实验室实验提高我们对恒星核过程的知识来解决。该小组将进行实验，提供关于新星、X射线爆发和超新星中质子捕获的新数据。他们将测量一系列核性质，以了解通过快速和中级中子俘获合成重元素的过程，研究超新星和中子星中的弱相互作用，并寻找可能有助于揭示大爆炸中元素合成的新的核衰变模式。更广泛的影响：拟议中的核物理和天体物理交叉点的研究计划将利用美国国家科学基金会的大构想“宇宙之窗”的引人注目的科学优势，吸引不同群体的本科生、研究生和博士后进入核科学。学生和博士后将利用密歇根州立大学与核天体物理联合研究所(JINA-CEE)、密歇根州立大学天文学小组和新成立的密歇根州立大学计算数学科学与工程系之间的协同联系，接受跨学科培训。这将帮助学生和博士后在学术界、工业界和美国国家实验室为成功的核职业生涯做好准备。为了进一步提高人们对STEM职业的兴趣，特别是在女性和少数族裔中，PI团队将在NSCL扩大非常成功的年度核科学暑期学校。该学院为本科生提供本国机构所没有的核科学教育机会，并利用该计划中令人信服的科学来吸引和教育学生。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Level structure of S31 via S32(p,d)S31

S31 通过 S32(p,d)S31 的层结构

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.102.045806
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Setoodehnia, K.;Chen, A. A.;Chen, J.;Clark, J. A.;Deibel, C. M.;Hendriks, J.;Kahl, D.;Lennard, W. N.;Parker, P. D.;Seiler, D.
• 通讯作者: Seiler, D.

Single-particle shell strengths near the doubly magic nucleus 56Ni and the 56Ni(p,γ)57Cu reaction rate in explosive astrophysical burning

爆炸天体物理燃烧中双魔核 56Ni 和 56Ni(p,γ)57Cu 反应速率附近的单粒子壳强度

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134803
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Physics Letters B
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Kahl, D.;Woods, P.J.;Poxon-Pearson, T.;Nunes, F.M.;Brown, B.A.;Schatz, H.;Baumann, T.;Bazin, D.;Belarge, J.A.;Bender, P.C.
• 通讯作者: Bender, P.C.

New Fe59 Stellar Decay Rate with Implications for the Fe60 Radioactivity in Massive Stars

新的 Fe59 恒星衰变率对大质量恒星中 Fe60 放射性的影响

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.152701
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Gao, B.;Giraud, S.;Li, K. A.;Sieverding, A.;Zegers, R. G. T.;Tang, X.;Ash, J.;Ayyad-Limonge, Y.;Bazin, D.;Biswas, S.
• 通讯作者: Biswas, S.

Independent normalization for γ -ray strength functions: The shape method

γ 射线强度函数的独立归一化：形状法

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.104.014311
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Wiedeking, M.;Guttormsen, M.;Larsen, A. C.;Zeiser, F.;Görgen, A.;Liddick, S. N.;Mücher, D.;Siem, S.;Spyrou, A.
• 通讯作者: Spyrou, A.

Next-generation experiments with the Active Target Time Projection Chamber (AT-TPC)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.10.019
• 发表时间: 2018-04
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Physical Society
• 作者: D. Bazin;T. Ahn;Y. Ayyad;S. Beceiro-Novo;L. Carpenter;M. Cortesi;M. Kuchera;W. G. Lynch;W. Mittig;J. Randhawa;C. Santamaria;N. Watwood;J. Yurkon