Windows on the Universe: Nuclear Astrophysics at FRIB

宇宙之窗：FRIB 的核天体物理学

• 批准号: 2209429
• 负责人: Artemisia Spyrou
• 金额: $ 600万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2209429&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Windows; Universe; Nuclear; Astrophysics; FRIB

The nuclear astrophysics group at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will use accelerator facilities to address the long-standing question about the origin of the elements in the Universe, and how new elements continue to be produced in various astrophysical sites. The goal is to restage in the laboratory the same nuclear reactions that produce new elements in nova and supernova explosions, merging neutron stars, accreting neutron stars, and other extreme astrophysical environments. The reacting atomic nuclei are unstable and need to be produced at a rare isotope facility, like FRIB, or other world-leading laboratories. Reaction experiments are carried out, where the relevant isotopes can be produced and detected within fractions of a second. Alternatively, the properties of the exotic nuclei that participate in the astrophysical reactions are studied to infer how they would react with other nuclei. The new nuclear information will be implemented in computer models that are then confronted with multi-messenger astronomical observations using infrared, visible light, gamma rays, gravitational waves, neutrinos, and stardust from various astrophysical sites. Only in combination with the relevant nuclear data do these observations become truly “Windows on the Universe” and reveal what elements are created in different astrophysical environments. The proposed program of studies at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics will attract a diverse group of undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdocs to nuclear science, taking advantage of the compelling science of the NSF Big Idea "Windows on the Universe". Students and postdocs will receive broad interdisciplinary training taking advantage of the synergistic connections nationally and internationally within the IReNA network and also locally at Michigan State University with the Astronomy group and the new Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering. This will continue the excellent educational track record of the group in preparing students and postdocs for successful careers in academia, industry and US national laboratories and will thus contribute to the workforce with nuclear science expertise that is critical for the nation. To further increase interest in STEM careers in general, and nuclear-science careers specifically, especially among women and minorities, the PI team will continue to organize the very successful annual Nuclear Science Summer School (NS3). NS3 provides undergraduate students access to nuclear science education that is not available at their home institutions and takes advantage of the compelling science in this proposal to attract and educate students.In the era of multi-messenger astronomy the interpretation of astronomical observations using light, gamma-rays, gravitational waves, and neutrinos requires an understanding of the nuclear processes that create these various messengers. We propose to continue the experimental nuclear astrophysics program at FRIB and other facilities to provide this important nuclear physics input. We will carry out a synergistic and interconnected experimental program using stable and rare isotope beams that employs a wide variety of existing experimental equipment, and continued development of key experimental capabilities. The proposed experiments either measure astrophysical reactions directly as they occur in nova and supernova explosions, neutron star mergers, accreting neutron stars, and other astrophysical sites, or provide indirect constraints on such reactions. The program takes advantage of the unique capabilities of FRIB and other current facilities around the world in a complementary way. Interpreting multi-messenger observations with accurate nuclear physics obtained in the proposed program will open a new window on the universe providing insight into element synthesis and nuclear matter in extreme astrophysical environments. This provides the opportunity to address long standing questions in nuclear science identified in the NP2010 National Academy study and the 2015 nuclear science long rage plan, including the questions the awardees aim to address here “Where do the chemical elements come from, and how did they evolve?”, “How does structure arise in the universe and how is it related to the emergence of the elements in stars and explosive processes?”, and “What is the nature of matter at extreme temperatures and densities?” These questions will be addressed by advancing our knowledge of stellar nuclear processes through laboratory experiments in close collaboration with nuclear theorists and astrophysicists. The group will perform experiments providing new data on nuclear processes in Novae, X-ray bursts, and Supernovae, will measure a range of nuclear properties needed to understand the synthesis of heavy elements by rapid and intermediate neutron capture, and will study weak interactions in supernovae and neutron stars.This project advances the objectives of "Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics", one of the 10 Big Ideas for Future NSF Investments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

稀有同位素束设施（FRIB）的核天体物理小组将使用加速器设施来解决关于宇宙中元素起源的长期问题，以及新元素如何在各种天体物理场所继续产生。目标是在实验室中重现在新星和超新星爆炸、合并中子星、吸积中子星和其他极端天体物理环境中产生新元素的相同核反应。反应的原子核是不稳定的，需要在稀有同位素设施（如FRIB）或其他世界领先的实验室中生产。进行反应实验，可以在几分之一秒内产生和检测到相关的同位素。或者，研究参与天体物理反应的外来核的性质，以推断它们如何与其他核反应。新的核信息将在计算机模型中实现，然后与来自各个天体物理站点的多信使天文观测相对抗，这些观测使用红外线、可见光、伽马射线、引力波、中微子和星尘。只有结合相关的核数据，这些观测才能成为真正的“宇宙之窗”，并揭示在不同的天体物理环境中产生了什么元素。核物理和天体物理交叉的研究计划将吸引不同群体的本科生、研究生和博士后进入核科学领域，利用国家科学基金会大构想“宇宙之窗”的引人注目的科学。学生和博士后将接受广泛的跨学科培训，利用IReNA网络内国内外的协同联系，以及密歇根州立大学当地的天文学小组和新的计算数学科学与工程系。这将延续该小组的优秀教育记录，为学生和博士后在学术界、工业界和美国国家实验室的成功职业生涯做好准备，从而为拥有对国家至关重要的核科学专业知识的劳动力做出贡献。为了进一步提高对STEM职业的总体兴趣，特别是对女性和少数民族的核科学职业的兴趣，PI团队将继续组织非常成功的年度核科学暑期学校（NS3）。NS3为本科生提供了在本国机构无法获得的核科学教育机会，并利用了该提案中引人注目的科学来吸引和教育学生。在多信使天文学时代，利用光、伽马射线、引力波和中微子来解释天文观测，需要了解产生这些不同信使的核过程。我们建议继续在FRIB和其他设施进行实验核天体物理项目，以提供这一重要的核物理输入。利用多种现有实验设备，实施稳定和稀有同位素束流协同联动实验计划，持续加强关键实验能力建设。提出的实验要么直接测量发生在新星和超新星爆炸、中子星合并、中子星吸积和其他天体物理场所的天体物理反应，要么对此类反应提供间接约束。该计划以互补的方式利用了FRIB和世界各地其他现有设施的独特能力。利用该计划中获得的精确核物理数据来解释多信使观测结果，将为了解极端天体物理环境下的元素合成和核物质打开一扇新的窗口。这为解决NP2010国家科学院研究和2015年核科学长期计划中确定的核科学中长期存在的问题提供了机会，包括获奖者在这里旨在解决的问题“化学元素来自哪里，它们是如何进化的？”、“结构是如何在宇宙中产生的？它与恒星中元素的出现和爆炸过程有什么关系？”以及“在极端温度和密度下物质的性质是什么？”这些问题将通过与核理论家和天体物理学家密切合作的实验室实验来推进我们对恒星核过程的认识。该小组将进行实验，为新星、x射线爆发和超新星的核过程提供新的数据，将测量一系列核性质，以通过快速和中间中子捕获来理解重元素的合成，并将研究超新星和中子星中的弱相互作用。该项目推进了“宇宙之窗：多信使天体物理学时代”的目标，这是美国国家科学基金会未来投资的十大理念之一。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Establishing the ground-state spin of Kr71

建立 Kr71 的基态自旋

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.106.044317
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Waniganeththi, S.;Hoff, D. E.;Rogers, A. M.;Lister, C. J.;Bender, P. C.;Brandenburg, K.;Childers, K.;Clark, J. A.;Dombos, A. C.;Doucet, E. R.
• 通讯作者: Doucet, E. R.

A catalogue of unusually long thermonuclear bursts on neutron stars

中子星上异常长的热核爆发目录

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad374
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Alizai, K;Chenevez, J;Cumming, A;Degenaar, N;Falanga, M;Galloway, D K;in ’t Zand, J J;Jaisawal, G K;Keek, L;Kuulkers, E
• 通讯作者: Kuulkers, E

Microsecond Isomer at the N=20 Island of Shape Inversion Observed at FRIB

FRIB 观测到的 N=20 形状反转岛的微秒异构体

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.242501
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Gray, T. J.;Allmond, J. M.;Xu, Z.;King, T. T.;Lubna, R. S.;Crawford, H. L.;Tripathi, V.;Crider, B. P.;Grzywacz, R.;Liddick, S. N.
• 通讯作者: Liddick, S. N.

Comparison of Electron Capture Rates in the N = 50 Region using 1D Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9306
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Z. Johnston;Sheldon Wasik;Rachel Titus;M. Warren;E. O’Connor;R. Zegers;S. Couch

First application of Markov chain Monte Carlo-based Bayesian data analysis to the Doppler-shift attenuation method

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137801
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Physics Letters B
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: L.J. Sun;C. Fry;B. Davids;N. Esker;C. Wrede;M. Alcorta;S. Bhattacharjee;M. Bowry;B. A. Brown;T. Budner;R. Caballero-Folch;L. Evitts;M. Friedman;A. Garnsworthy;B. Glassman;G. Hackman;J. Henderson;O. Kirsebom;J. Lighthall;P. Machule;J. Measures;M. Moukaddam;J. Park;C. Pearson;D. P'erez-Loureiro;C. Ruiz;P. Ruotsalainen;J. Smallcombe;J.K. Smith;D. Southall;J. Surbrook;L. Weghorn;M. Williams