Simulating Core-Collapse and Electron-Capture Supernovae: from the Central Engine to the Supernova Remnant

核心坍缩超新星是大质量恒星生命的顶点，是我们元素起源故事的主要演员。我们对这些事件的理解围绕着一个停滞的爆炸，它被新形成的中子星星中的中微子流重新激活。该奖项将支持两个项目，以提高我们对超新星爆炸的湍流，中微子驱动的性质对超新星和银河系化学演化以及我们银河系元素历史观测的影响的理解。首先，PI将寻求研究由最轻的恒星产生超新星的爆炸，这些超新星的核心最初由氧和氖组成，比以前实现的精确得多。第二，研究小组将继续我们先前的项目，在我们对核心坍缩超新星中心引擎的模拟中尽可能真实地确定喷出物中核合成产物的全部范围，然后将这些核心坍缩超新星模型扩展到爆炸形成的初始时期之外。为了与观测结果进行比较，PI将把这些模拟扩展到冲击波到达星星表面并产生可见超新星的时期。核心坍缩超新星，包括铁核恒星的坍缩，也包括质量较小的氧和氖核心恒星的坍缩，作为电子捕获超新星，是银河系化学演化的主要驱动力。我们对这两个事件的理解，虽然仍然不完整，但围绕着中微子驱动的中心引擎，这是高度流体动力学不稳定的。 虽然停滞的冲击波被中微子加热恢复了生命，但超新星爆炸的发展与三维流体流动密不可分。遗憾的是，这一点在大多数超新星核合成的研究中被忽略了。该奖项支持两个项目，以提高我们对超新星爆炸的湍流，中微子驱动的性质对超新星和银河系化学演化观测的影响的理解。首先，研究小组将以比迄今为止所取得的更高的精确度来研究电子捕获超新星引起的爆炸。第二，研究小组将继续先前的一个项目，通过将最先进的核心坍缩超新星模型扩展到冲击波到达星星表面和超新星诞生的时期，实际检查可能在喷出物中观察到的全部核合成产物。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Core-collapse supernovae, the culmination of the lives of massive stars, are the principle actors in the story of our elemental origins. Our understanding of these events centers around a stalled explosion brought back to life by a neutrinos streaming from the newly-formed neutron star. This award will support two projects to improve our understanding of the impact that the turbulent, neutrino-driven nature of supernova explosions has on observations of supernovae and galactic chemical evolution and the elemental history of our Galaxy. First, the PI will seek to investigate the explosions that result from the lightest stars to produce supernovae, those with cores composed initially of oxygen and neon, with much greater fidelity than has previously been achieved. Second, the investigator team will continue our prior project to determine the full range of nucleosynthesis products in the ejecta as realistically as possible within our simulations of the central engine of core-collapse supernovae and then extend these models of core-collapse supernovae beyond the initial epoch where the explosion is formed. To compare with observations, the PI will extend these simulations to the epoch when the shock reaches the surface of the star and the visible supernova is born.Core-collapse supernovae, including the collapse of iron-cored stars, but also the collapse of less massive stars with oxygen and neon cores as electron capture supernovae, are the principle drivers of galactic chemical evolution. Our understanding of both of these events, while still incomplete, centers around a neutrino-driven central engine which is highly hydrodynamically unstable. Though the stalled shock is brought back to life by neutrino heating, the development of the supernova explosion is inextricably linked to three-dimensional fluid flows. Regrettably, this is ignored in most studies of supernova nucleosynthesis. This award supports two projects to improve our understanding of the impact that the turbulent, neutrino-driven nature of supernova explosions has on observations of supernovae and galactic chemical evolution. First, the investigator team will investigate the explosions that result from electron capture supernovae with much greater fidelity than has heretofore been achieved. Second, the investigator team will continue a prior project to realistically examine the full range of nucleosynthesis products that may be observed in the ejecta by extending state-of-the-art core-collapse supernova models to the epoch when the shock reaches the surface of the star and the supernova is born.This project advances the objectives of "Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics", one of the 10 Big Ideas for Future NSF Investments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.