Frontier Landscapes and Community Responses

前沿景观和社区反应

• 批准号: 1916933
• 负责人: Kathryn Weedman Arthur
• 金额: $ 27.03万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1916933&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Frontier; Landscapes; Community; Responses

Dr. Kathryn Weedman Arthur of the University of South Florida, along with colleagues from the United States, Italy, France, and Ethiopia will explore how humans modified their environment and social practices in the aftermath of inflicted disasters. Importantly, the team proposes to study the historical impacts of human conflict on forests and the extent and type of human conservation practiced during and after conflict. Forests are critical resources for stabilizing soils for surrounding agriculture and providing timber, paper, fuel-wood, clean air, and biomedicine among other resources. Archaeology is particularly suited to offer past solutions for how people successfully conserved or rebuilt essential forest landscapes. This study expects to construct a model relevant today to the peoples of the African continent, as well as the United States in mitigating future climate and socio-economic vulnerabilities to forested environments. The International team wishes to foster intellectual exchange for problem solving between scientists of different nations and offer educational and skill training for several US graduate students in archaeology and environmental studies.Dr. Arthur and her research team propose to study how and if people are able to recuperate their landscape in the aftermath of immense conflict and tragedy, such as that created by the historic Atlantic and Red Sea slave trades. The project proposes to study more than two-hundred forests that surround historic settlements that date from the thirteenth to nineteenth centuries AD in southern Ethiopia'a region northern and eastern states raided for the slave trade. Scholars debate over whether these forests represent pristine "natural" environments preserved through historic conservation efforts in resistance to outside political change or if the forests represent change in practices to provide social-political and environmental resilience for the future after conflict. With Dr. Arthur?s leadership, her team plans for small scale testing of the forests to retrieve soil samples and artifacts, to date and reconstruct the environmental and cultural history of the forests. The team also intends to conduct an environmental assessment and map the living forests, as well as core sample the highland springs to obtain historic pollen for environmental reconstruction. The team anticipates the construction of a model outlining the relationship between the past and present cultural and environmental factors examining how people living on the borderlands of states are able to resist or be resilient to conflict through forest conservation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

南佛罗里达大学的Kathryn Weedman亚瑟博士与来自美国、意大利、法国和埃塞俄比亚的同事一起，将探讨人类如何在灾难发生后改变环境和社会实践。重要的是，该小组建议研究人类冲突对森林的历史影响，以及冲突期间和冲突后人类保护的程度和类型。 森林是稳定周边农业土壤的关键资源，提供木材、纸张、薪材、清洁空气和生物医药等资源。考古学特别适合为人们如何成功地保护或重建重要的森林景观提供过去的解决方案。这项研究预计将构建一个与当今非洲大陆人民以及美国相关的模型，以减轻未来气候和森林环境的社会经济脆弱性。国际团队希望促进不同国家的科学家之间解决问题的知识交流，并为几名美国考古学和环境研究的研究生提供教育和技能培训。亚瑟博士和她的研究团队建议研究人们如何以及是否能够在巨大的冲突和悲剧之后恢复他们的景观，例如历史上的大西洋和红海奴隶贸易所造成的贸易。该项目拟对公元13至19世纪在南埃塞俄比亚地区的历史定居点周围的200多片森林进行研究，这些定居点位于北方和东部各州，因奴隶贸易而遭到掠夺。学者们争论这些森林是否代表通过历史性的保护努力保护下来的原始“自然”环境，以抵抗外部政治变革，或者这些森林是否代表改变做法，为冲突后的未来提供社会政治和环境复原力。和亚瑟医生吗在她的领导下，她的团队计划对森林进行小规模测试，以获取土壤样本和文物，以确定并重建森林的环境和文化历史。该团队还打算进行环境评估，绘制活森林的地图，并对高地泉水进行核心采样，以获得用于环境重建的历史花粉。 该团队预计将构建一个模型，概述过去和现在的文化和环境因素之间的关系，研究生活在国家边境地区的人们如何能够通过森林保护抵抗或适应冲突。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Ancient DNA and deep population structure in sub-Saharan African foragers.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04430-9
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Lipson M;Sawchuk EA;Thompson JC;Oppenheimer J;Tryon CA;Ranhorn KL;de Luna KM;Sirak KA;Olalde I;Ambrose SH;Arthur JW;Arthur KJW;Ayodo G;Bertacchi A;Cerezo-Román JI;Culleton BJ;Curtis MC;Davis J;Gidna AO;Hanson A;Kaliba P;Katongo M;Kwekason A;Laird MF;Lewis J;Mabulla AZP;Mapemba F;Morris A;Mudenda G;Mwafulirwa R;Mwangomba D;Ndiema E;Ogola C;Schilt F;Willoughby PR;Wright DK;Zipkin A;Pinhasi R;Kennett DJ;Manthi FK;Rohland N;Patterson N;Reich D;Prendergast ME
• 通讯作者: Prendergast ME