The Cross-equatorial Influences of South American Rainfall on the North Atlantic and Adjacent Continents

南美洲跨赤道降雨对北大西洋及邻近大陆的影响

• 批准号: 1917781
• 负责人: Rong Fu
• 金额: $ 67.94万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1917781&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cross; equatorial; Influences; South; American

The influence of one-hemisphere on another hemisphere is an important component of global weather and climate teleconnections. Most of previous research has been focused on teleconnections over the eastern Pacific during boreal winter season through the propagation of the atmospheric planetary (Rossby) waves across the equator. Over the American-Atlantic sector, various interhemispheric teleconnection pathways control the influence of Amazonia deforestation and of extreme cold front incursions on weather and climate variability over the North American and Europe. Two of the outstanding questions are what are the dynamic processes that control these teleconnections and how they affect droughts, floods and the tracks of tropical storms. This proposal will address this knowledge gap by testing three hypotheses about the mechanisms behind the interhemispheric teleconnection pathways over the American-Atlantic sector. The insights from the project will help advance our understanding of cross-equatorial teleconnections and may have implications for improving sub-seasonal to interannual climate predictability over the North Atlantic and the surrounding continents, including North America, Europe, and Africa. The latter is also central for characterizing the potential influences of rapidly changing Amazonian rainforests on global atmospheric circulation and climate. The main broader impacts involve training of two graduate students from underrepresented groups, mentoring of undergraduate research. The research findings will be incorporated into a large upper-division undergraduate science course. The project also supports visitations of faculty members from South America to help build networks of U.S. colleges and universities, especially for students, with international academic institutions and organizations. They will consider three dynamic processes operating in different seasons responsible for cross-equatorial teleconnections originated from diabatic heating anomalies over South America: (i) cross-equatorial propagation of the Rossby waves generated by diabatic heating over the South American Monsoon to influence the North Atlantic Oscillation during boreal winter, (ii) convective coupled eastward propagating Kelvin waves from Amazonia that influences tropical Atlantic surface winds, sea-level height anomalies, and western Congo rainfall variability in boreal spring, and (iii) a shallow cross-equatorial circulation connecting cold air incursions from the extratropical South America to influence weather and climate variability of the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic in boreal summer. The PI plan to evaluate these hypotheses through observational analyses and a suite of idealized numerical model experiments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

一个半球对另一半球的影响是全球天气和气候远程连接的重要组成部分。 以前的大多数研究都集中在北方太平洋冬季的远程连接上，这是通过大气行星（Rossby）遍布赤道的传播。 在美国 - 大西洋部门，各种半球间的远程连接途径控制着亚马逊森林砍伐的影响以及极端冷界对北美和欧洲气候变化的极端寒冷攻击。 两个杰出的问题是控制这些远程连接的动态过程以及它们如何影响干旱，洪水和热带风暴的轨道。 该提案将通过检验三个假设来解决这一知识差距，以了解美国 - 大西洋部门的半球间远程连接途径的机制。该项目的见解将有助于我们促进我们对跨赤道远程连接的理解，并可能对改善北大西洋及其周边地区（包括北美，欧洲和非洲）的年际气候可预测性改善次季节有影响。后者对于表征快速变化的亚马逊雨林对全球大气循环和气候的潜在影响也是核心。更广泛的影响是培训来自代表性不足小组的两名研究生，并指导本科研究。研究结果将纳入大型的上层本科科学课程中。该项目还支持来自南美的教职员工的访问，以帮助建立由国际学术机构和组织的美国大学和大学的网络，尤其是针对学生。他们将考虑在不同季节运行的三个动态过程，负责源自南美洲的糖尿病加热异常，（i）跨置量繁殖由糖尿病加热产生的罗斯比浪潮产生的南美季风造成的北美大西洋冬季（II）在北部大西洋的季后赛（II）造成的（II）的狂欢（II），II）影响热带大西洋表面风，海平面高度异常和刚果春季的西部刚果降雨可变性，以及（iii）连接南美洲南美洲的冷空气侵入的浅横扩散循环，以影响热带和亚属性北大西洋大西洋夏季的天气和气候变化。 PI计划通过观察分析和一系列理想化的数值模型实验来评估这些假设。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估评估来支持的。

项目成果

Evaluating Seasonal Climate Forecasts from Dynamical Models over South America

• DOI: 10.1175/jhm-d-22-0156.1
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrometeorology
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Jiaying Zhang;K. Guan;R. Fu;B. Peng;Siyu Zhao;Y. Zhuang

Variability, Trend, and Extremes of the South American Vegetation‐Climate System: Results From a Coupled Regional Model

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035691
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: A. Erfanian;Yelin Jiang;Lori Fomenko;R. Fu;A. Seth;Guiling Wang

Climate Change in the Amazon: Tendences, Impacts and Ecological Consequences

亚马逊地区的气候变化：趋势、影响和生态后果

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Science Panel for the Amazon (SPA
• 作者: Marengo, J. C.